<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2007-3-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-1018</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОСТРАЯ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНАЯ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метиленовый синий при вентилятор-индуцированном повреждении легких после пневмонэктомии (экспериментальное исследование)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methylene Blue in Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury after Pneumonectomy: an Experimental Study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суборов</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suborov</surname><given-names>Ye. V</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">-</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzkov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">-</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Собкхез</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sobkhez</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">-</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киров</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirov</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">-</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бьертнес</surname><given-names>Л. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bjertnaes</surname><given-names>L. J.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">-</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2007</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>Том III № 3 2007 г.</issue-title><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Суборов Е.В., Кузьков В.В., Собкхез М., Киров М.Ю., Бьертнес Л.Я., 2007</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2007</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Суборов Е.В., Кузьков В.В., Собкхез М., Киров М.Ю., Бьертнес Л.Я.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Suborov Y.V., Kuzkov V.V., Sobkhez M., Kirov M.Y., Bjertnaes L.J.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/1018">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/1018</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель. Исследовать целесообразность и эффективность использования метиленового синего (МС) на модели пневмонэк-томии (ПЭ) и последующего вентилятор-индуцированного повреждения легких (ВИПЛ) у овец. Материалы и методы. Исследование выполнено на базе научно-исследовательской лаборатории университета г. Тромсе. В эксперимент включено 23 овцы весом 41,0±4,9 кг. В условиях общей анестезии и контролируемой ИВЛ животным была выполнена торако-томия и правосторонняя пневмонэктомия. После измерения показателей системной гемодинамики и ВСВЛ, животные были разделены на три группы: контрольная группа (К, n=7) с дыхательным объемом (ДО) 6 мл/кг и положительным давлением в конце выдоха (ПДКВ) 2 см H2O, группа вентилятор-индуцированного повреждения легких (ВИПЛ, n=9) с ДО 12 мл/кг и ПДКВ 0 см H2O и группа метиленового синего (МС, n=7), где, параллельно с использованием повреждающего режима вентиляции, назначался МС. Для измерения волюметрических показателей и ВСВЛ использовали метод тер-мохромодилюции (монитор Cold Z-021, Pulsion, Германия). Регистрировали показатели легочной гемодинамики, респираторной механики и газового состава крови. Результаты. ИВСВЛ, после его снижения на этапе ПЭ, повышался на фоне повреждающей вентиляции в группах ВИПЛ и МС. Кроме того, в группах МС и ВИПЛ отмечалось повышение ДЗЛА после выполнения ПЭ. В группе ВИПЛ к концу эксперимента наблюдалась артериальная гипоксемия. Наряду с этим, в группах МС и ВИПЛ уменьшался комплайнс легких и повышалось давление в дыхательных путях после этапа ПЭ. Заключение. В представленной модели ВИПЛ использование МС не предотвращает развитие постпневмонэктомическо-го отека легких. Ключевые слова: термохромодилюция, острое повреждение легких, пневмонэктомия, вентилятор-инду-цированное повреждение легких, постпневмонэктомический отек легких, метиленовый синий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: to study the expediency and efficiency of using methylene blue (MB) on a model of pneumectomy (PE) and subsequent ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) in sheep. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Research Laboratory of University of Tromse. The experiment included 23 sheep weighing 41.0±4.9 kg. Thoracotomy and right-sided pneumonectomy were performed in the animals under general anesthesia and controlled artificial ventilation. After measurement of the parameters of systemic hemodynamics and extravascular water of the lung (EVWL), the animals were divided into 3 groups: 1) a control group (CG, n=7) with a tidal volume (TV) of 6 ml/kg and an end-expiratory positive pressure (PEEP) of 2 cm H2O; 2) a VILI group (n=9) with a TV of 12 ml/kg and a PEEP of 0 cm H2O; 3) a group of MB (n=7) that was given in parallel with a damaging ventilation mode. The thermodilution technique (using a Cold Z-021 monitor, (Pulsion, Germany)) was employed to measure volumetric parameters and EVWL. The parameters of pulmonary hemodynamics, respiratory mechanics, and blood gas composition were recorded. Results: After its reduction at PE, EVWL index increased during damaging ventilation in the VILI and MB groups. In addition, there was an increase in pulmonary artery wedge pressure after PE in the MB and VILI groups. In the latter group, arterial hypoxemia was observed at the end of the experiment. Along with this, after PE pulmonary compliance decreased and airway pressure elevated in the VILI and MB groups. Conclusion: In the presented model of VILI, MB does not prevent the development of postp-neumectomic edema of the lung. Key words: thermochromodilution, acute lung injury, pneumectomy, ventilator-induced lung injury, postpneumectomic edema of the lung, methylene blue.</p></trans-abstract></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gothard J.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gothard J.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jordan S., MitchellJ. A., Quinlan G. J. et al.The pathogenesis of lung injury following pulmonary resection. Eur. Respir. J. 2000; 15 (4): 790—799.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jordan S., MitchellJ. A., Quinlan G. J. et al.The pathogenesis of lung injury following pulmonary resection. Eur. Respir. J. 2000; 15 (4): 790—799.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Algar F. J., Alvarez A., Salvatierra A. et al.Predicting pulmonary complications after pneumonectomy for lung cancer. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2003; 23: 201—208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Algar F. J., Alvarez A., Salvatierra A. et al.Predicting pulmonary complications after pneumonectomy for lung cancer. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2003; 23: 201—208.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fuentes P. A.Pneumonectomy: historical perspective and prospective insight. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2003; 23 (4): 439—445.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fuentes P. A.Pneumonectomy: historical perspective and prospective insight. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2003; 23 (4): 439—445.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van der Werff Y. D., van der Houwen H. K., Heijmans P. J. et al.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema. A retrospective analysis of incidence and possible risk factors. Chest 1997; 111 (5): 1278—1284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van der Werff Y. D., van der Houwen H. K., Heijmans P. J. et al.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema. A retrospective analysis of incidence and possible risk factors. Chest 1997; 111 (5): 1278—1284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deslauriers J., Aucoin A., Gregoire J.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema. Chest Surg. Clin. N. Am. 1998; 8 (3): 611—631.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deslauriers J., Aucoin A., Gregoire J.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema. Chest Surg. Clin. N. Am. 1998; 8 (3): 611—631.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">AlvarezJ. M., Panda R. K., Newman M. A. et al.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema. J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2003; 17 (3): 388—395.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">AlvarezJ. M., Panda R. K., Newman M. A. et al.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema. J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2003; 17 (3): 388—395.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liaudet L., Soriano F. G., Szabo C.Biology of nitric oxide signaling. Crit. Care Med. 2000; 28: 37—52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liaudet L., Soriano F. G., Szabo C.Biology of nitric oxide signaling. Crit. Care Med. 2000; 28: 37—52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steudel W., Hurford W. E., Zapol W. M.Inhaled nitric oxide: basic biology and clinical applications. Anesthesiology 1999; 91: 1090—1121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steudel W., Hurford W. E., Zapol W. M.Inhaled nitric oxide: basic biology and clinical applications. Anesthesiology 1999; 91: 1090—1121.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bjertnaes L. J, Koizumi T., Newman J. H.Inhaled nitric oxide reduces lung fluid filtration after endotoxin in awake sheep. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 158: 1416—1423.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bjertnaes L. J, Koizumi T., Newman J. H.Inhaled nitric oxide reduces lung fluid filtration after endotoxin in awake sheep. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 158: 1416—1423.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Preiser J. C., Zhang H., Vray B. et al.Time course of inducible nitric oxide synthase activity following endotoxin administration in dogs. Nitric Oxide 2001; 5: 208—2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Preiser J. C., Zhang H., Vray B. et al.Time course of inducible nitric oxide synthase activity following endotoxin administration in dogs. Nitric Oxide 2001; 5: 208—2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evgenov O. V., Sager G., Bjertnaes L. J.Methylene blue reduces lung fluid filtration during the early phase of endotoxemia in awake sheep. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 29: 374—379.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evgenov O. V., Sager G., Bjertnaes L. J.Methylene blue reduces lung fluid filtration during the early phase of endotoxemia in awake sheep. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 29: 374—379.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evgenov O. V., Sveinbjornsson B., Bjertnaes L. J.Continuously infused methylene blue modulates the early cardiopulmonary response to endo-toxin in awake sheep. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 2001; 45: 1246—1254.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evgenov O. V., Sveinbjornsson B., Bjertnaes L. J.Continuously infused methylene blue modulates the early cardiopulmonary response to endo-toxin in awake sheep. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 2001; 45: 1246—1254.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daemen-Gubbels C. R., Groeneveld P. H., Groeneveld A. B. et al.Methylene blue increases myocardial function in septic shock. Crit. Care Med. 1995; 23: 1363—1370.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daemen-Gubbels C. R., Groeneveld P. H., Groeneveld A. B. et al.Methylene blue increases myocardial function in septic shock. Crit. Care Med. 1995; 23: 1363—1370.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galili Y, Kluger Y., Mianski Z. et al.Methylene blue — a promising treatment modality in sepsis induced by bowel perforation. Eur. Surg. Res. 1997; 29: 390—395.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galili Y, Kluger Y., Mianski Z. et al.Methylene blue — a promising treatment modality in sepsis induced by bowel perforation. Eur. Surg. Res. 1997; 29: 390—395.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузьков В. В., Киров М. Ю., Недашковский Э. В.Волюметрический мониторинг на основе транспульмональной термодилюции в анестезиологии и интенсивной терапии. Анестезиология и реаниматология 2003; 4: 67—73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кузьков В. В., Киров М. Ю., Недашковский Э. В.Волюметрический мониторинг на основе транспульмональной термодилюции в анестезиологии и интенсивной терапии. Анестезиология и реаниматология 2003; 4: 67—73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boussat S., Jacques T., Levy B. et al.Intravascular volume monitoring and extravascular lung water in septic patients with pulmonary edema. Intens. Care Med. 2002; 28 (6): 712—718.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boussat S., Jacques T., Levy B. et al.Intravascular volume monitoring and extravascular lung water in septic patients with pulmonary edema. Intens. Care Med. 2002; 28 (6): 712—718.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wittnich C., Trudel J., Zidulka A., Chiu R. C.Misleading «pulmonary wedge pressure» after pneumonectomy: its importance in postoperative fluid therapy. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1986; 42 (2): 192—196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wittnich C., Trudel J., Zidulka A., Chiu R. C.Misleading «pulmonary wedge pressure» after pneumonectomy: its importance in postoperative fluid therapy. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1986; 42 (2): 192—196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roch A., Michelet P., D&amp;#8217;journo B. et al.Accuracy and limits of transpul-monary dilution methods in estimating extravascular lung water after pneumonectomy. Chest 2005; 128 (2): 927—933.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roch A., Michelet P., D&amp;#8217;journo B. et al.Accuracy and limits of transpul-monary dilution methods in estimating extravascular lung water after pneumonectomy. Chest 2005; 128 (2): 927—933.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luecke T., Roth H., Herrmann P., Joachim A. et al.Assessment of cardiac preload and left ventricular function under increasing levels of positive end-expiratory pressure. Intens. Care Med. 2004; 30 (1): 119—126.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luecke T., Roth H., Herrmann P., Joachim A. et al.Assessment of cardiac preload and left ventricular function under increasing levels of positive end-expiratory pressure. Intens. Care Med. 2004; 30 (1): 119—126.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sakka S. G., Ruhl C. C., Pfeiffer U.J. et al.Assessment of cardiac preload and extravascular lung water by single transpulmonary thermodilution. Intens. Care Med. 2000; 26 (2): 180—187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakka S. G., Ruhl C. C., Pfeiffer U.J. et al.Assessment of cardiac preload and extravascular lung water by single transpulmonary thermodilution. Intens. Care Med. 2000; 26 (2): 180—187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lichtwarck-Aschoff M., Beale R., Pfeiffer U. J.Central venous pressure, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, intrathoracic blood volume, and right ventricular end-diastolic volume as indicators of cardiac preload. J. Crit. Care 1996; 11 (4): 180—188.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lichtwarck-Aschoff M., Beale R., Pfeiffer U. J.Central venous pressure, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, intrathoracic blood volume, and right ventricular end-diastolic volume as indicators of cardiac preload. J. Crit. Care 1996; 11 (4): 180—188.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waller D. A., Gebitekin C., Saunders N. R. et al.Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema complicating lung resection. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1993; 55 (1): 140—143.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waller D. A., Gebitekin C., Saunders N. R. et al.Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema complicating lung resection. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1993; 55 (1): 140—143.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee E., Little A. G., Hsu W. H., Skinner D. B.Effect of pneumonectomy on extravascular lung water in dogs. J. Surg. Res. 1985; 38 (6): 568— 573.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee E., Little A. G., Hsu W. H., Skinner D. B.Effect of pneumonectomy on extravascular lung water in dogs. J. Surg. Res. 1985; 38 (6): 568— 573.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sakr Y., Vincent J. L., Reinhart K. et al.High tidal volume and positive fluid balance are associated with worse outcome in acute lung injury. Chest 2005; 128 (5): 3098—3108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakr Y., Vincent J. L., Reinhart K. et al.High tidal volume and positive fluid balance are associated with worse outcome in acute lung injury. Chest 2005; 128 (5): 3098—3108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garcia-Delgado M., Navarrete-Sanchez I., Colmenero M. et al.Intermittent alveolar overdistension for 30 or 240 minutes does not produce acute lung injury in normal pig lung. J. Surg. Res. 2006; 131 (2): 233—240.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garcia-Delgado M., Navarrete-Sanchez I., Colmenero M. et al.Intermittent alveolar overdistension for 30 or 240 minutes does not produce acute lung injury in normal pig lung. J. Surg. Res. 2006; 131 (2): 233—240.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fu Z., Costello M. L., Tsukimoto K. et al.High lung volume increases stress failure in pulmonary capillaries. J. Appl. Physiol. 1992; 73 (1): 123—133.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fu Z., Costello M. L., Tsukimoto K. et al.High lung volume increases stress failure in pulmonary capillaries. J. Appl. Physiol. 1992; 73 (1): 123—133.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gachot B., Bedos J. P., Veber B. et al.Short-term effects of methylene blue on hemodynamics and gas exchange in humans with septic shock. Intens. Care Med. 1995; 21: 1027—1031.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gachot B., Bedos J. P., Veber B. et al.Short-term effects of methylene blue on hemodynamics and gas exchange in humans with septic shock. Intens. Care Med. 1995; 21: 1027—1031.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
