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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2013-2-66</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-150</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS &amp; SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Послеоперационная тошнота и рвота в онкохирургии. Современные взгляды на решение старой проблемы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Cancer Surgery: Present Views on the Solution of the Old Problem</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баскаков</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baskakov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">danilbask@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хороненко</surname><given-names>В. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khoronenko</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>Том IX № 2 2013 г.</issue-title><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баскаков Д.С., Хороненко В.Э., 2013</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баскаков Д.С., Хороненко В.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baskakov D.S., Khoronenko V.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/150">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/150</self-uri><abstract><p>Послеоперационная тошнота и рвота (ПОТР) — одно из самых частых и неприятных осложнений послеоперационного периода. Она мучительна для пациентов, влечет за собой увеличение затрат на лечение и может стать причиной весьма серьезных осложнений раннего послеоперационного периода. Частота ПОТР в различных разделах хирургии неодинакова и варьирует в зависимости от характера оперативного вмешательства, приобретая особое значение в он-кохирургической практике, где вероятность ее развития, по ряду причин, очень высока. В настоящее время большое количество исследований посвящено разработке схем профилактики ПОТР. Определены основные факторы риска, появляются новые рекомендации по проведению анестезиологического пособия с антиэметогенных позиций, однако описанные методики пока не способны в полной мере избавить пациентов от опасности развития осложнения. Наиболее часто в схемы профилактики ПОТР включаются препараты группы блокаторов серотониновых 5-НТз-рецепторов и метоклопрамида гидрохлорид в сочетании с глюкокортикостероидами и бутирофенонами. Появляется все больше данных об антиэметогенной активности ві-адреноблокаторов и агонистов о^-адренорецепторов и возможности их использовать в рамках анестезии. В данном обзоре мы попытались суммировать накопленные на сегодняшний день знания в области фаторов риска и спсобов профилактики ПОТР, а также обозначить некоторые новые и персперктивные направления в профилактике ПОТР в онкохирургии. Ключевые слова: онкохирургия, послеоперационная тошнота и рвота, профилактика ПОТР, факторы риска, антиэметики</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most common and unpleasant complications after surgery. It is distressing for patients, results in increased treatment costs, and may cause very serious complications in the early postoperative period. The incidence of PONV in different surgical fields varies with the pattern of a surgical intervention, by assuming particular importance in cancer surgical practice where the likelihood of its development is very high for a number of reasons. A large number of studies currently deal with the development of PONV prevention schemes. Major risk factors have been identified; there are novel recommendations on anesthetic maintenance from the antiemetogenic point of view; however, the described procedures are not yet able to fully get rid of a patient’s risk for developing a complication. Drugs from a group of serotonin 5HT3-receptor antagonists and metoclopramide hydrochloride in combinations with glu-cocorticosteroids and butyrophenones are most frequently included into PONV prevention regimens. There are more and more data on the antiemetogenic activity of ^-adrenoblockers and fl^-adrenoceptor agonists and on the possibilities of using them during anesthesia. In this review, we attempted to summarize today’s accumulated knowledge about risk factors and procedures for preventing PONV and to define some new and promising areas in its prevention after cancer surgery.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cancer surgery</kwd><kwd>postoperative nausea and vomiting</kwd><kwd>PONV prevention</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>antiemetics.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Заболотских И.Б.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Заболотских И.Б.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мизиков В.М.Послеоперационная тошнота и рвота: эмидемиоло-гия, причины, следствия, профилактика.АльманахМНОАР.1999; 1: 53—59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Мизиков В.М.Послеоперационная тошнота и рвота: эмидемиоло-гия, причины, следствия, профилактика.АльманахМНОАР.1999; 1: 53—59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Apfel C.C., Malhotra A., Leslie J.B.The role of neurokinin—1 receptor antagonists for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting.Curr. 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