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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2017-5-121-139</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-1630</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS &amp; SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сепсис-ассоциированная энцефалопатия (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белобородова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beloborodova</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>25 Petrovka Str., Build. 2, Moscow 107031</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Острова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostrova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>25 Petrovka Str., Build. 2, Moscow 107031</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В. А. Неговского ФНКЦ реаниматологии и реабилитологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>121</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Белобородова Н.В., Острова И.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белобородова Н.В., Острова И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Beloborodova N.B., Ostrova I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/1630">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/1630</self-uri><abstract><p>Результаты международных исследований указывают на ежегодный рост частоты и актуальности сепсиса в реанимационных отделениях. Одним из наиболее ранних признаков, а также частым осложнением сепсиса является дисфункция мозга или так называемая сепсис-ассоциированная энцефалопатия (SAE). До 70% больных с сепсисом имеют симптомы энцефалопатии [1, 2]. Особое беспокойство вызывает факт прямой связи SAE с повышенной летальностью, а среди выживших после сепсиса более половины имеют длительные когнитивные расстройства, нарушения памяти и концентрации внимания [3—5]. Диагностика дисфункции мозга при сепсисе часто затруднена из-за отсутствия специфических биомаркеров, а также в связи с частым применением седативных препаратов у критических больных. Клинические проявления SAE разнообразны, могут варьировать от простого недомогания и недостатка концентрации внимания до глубокой комы. В литературе обсуждаются предполагаемые механизмы формирования и развития септической энцефалопатии, такие как окислительный стресс, воспаление, митохондриальная и эндотелиальная дисфункция, увеличение проницаемости гематоэнцефалического барьера, нарушения макро- и микроциркуляции, изменение нейротрансмиссии, активация микроглии. Отсутствие четких данных и единого мнения о происхождении и механизмах SAE в настоящее время не позволяет прогнозировать ее развитие и проводить специальную терапию. В обзоре обсуждаются современные представления о причинах развития септической энцефалопатии, методах диагностики, рассмотрены основные клинические проявления, ключевые медиаторы, патофизиологические механизмы. Предложена гипотеза о роли ароматических микробных метаболитов (АММ) фенольной и индольной природы — продуктов бактериальной биодеградации тирозина и триптофана — в развитии дисфункции мозга, намечены направления поисковых исследований, открывающие перспективы в диагностике и новые подходы в лечении SAE.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>International studies demonstrate an annual increase in the frequency and impact of sepsis in intensive care units (ICU). Cerebral dysfunction, or so-called sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), is one of the earliest signs of sepsis, as well as its common complication. Up to 70% of patients with sepsis have symptoms of encephalopathy [1, 2]. A direct link between the SAE and an increased mortality rate is a major concern; more than a half of sepsis survivors experience continuous memory and concentration impairment [3—5]. Diagnosis of the cerebral dysfunction in sepsis is often difficult because of lack of specific biomarkers and frequent prescription of sedatives to critically ill patients. Clinical manifestations of SAE are diverse, may vary from simple malaise and lack of concentration to deep coma. The literature discusses probable mechanisms of formation and development of septic encephalopathy, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial and endothelial dysfunction, increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, impairment of macro- and microcirculation, changes in neirotransmission, activation of microglia. The lack of clear data and consensus about the etiology and mechanisms of SAE at present does not permit predicting its development and prescribing a specific therapy. The review discusses current understanding of the causes of septic encephalopathy, methods of diagnosis, the main clinical manifestations, key mediators, and pathophysiological mechanisms. A hypothesis is proposed that poses a contribution of aromatic microbial metabolites (AMM) of phenol and indole nature (products of bacterial biodegradation of tyrosine and tryptophan) to the development of brain dysfunction. The fields of exploratory studies, which might open perspectives in the diagnosis, as well as new approaches in the treatment of SAE are outlined.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сепсис</kwd><kwd>мозг</kwd><kwd>делирий</kwd><kwd>энцефалопатия</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sepsis</kwd><kwd>brain</kwd><kwd>delirium</kwd><kwd>encephalopathy</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ziaja M. Septic encephalopathy. Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep. 2013; 13 (10): 383. DOI: 10.1007/s11910-013-0383-y. PMID: 23954971</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ziaja M. 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