<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2019-4-58-66</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-1789</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES AND PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ранние ультразвуковые признаки спленомегалии у новорожденных</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Early Ultrasound Signs of Splenomegaly in Neonates</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перепелица</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perepelitsa</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Александровна Перепелица </p><p>236041, г. Калининград, ул. Александра Невского, д. 14, </p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Perepelitsa</p><p>14 Aleksandr Nevsky Str., 236041 Kaliningrad, </p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sveta_perepeliza@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>236041, г. Калининград, ул. Клиническая, д. 81 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Alekseeva</p><p>81 Klinicheskaya Str., Kaliningrad 236016</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Возгомент</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vozgoment</surname><given-names>О. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Т. Фрунзе, д. 16 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Оlga V. Vozgoment</p><p>16 T. Frunze Str., 119991 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Балтийский федеральный университет им. Иммануила Канта;&#13;
НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В. А. Неговского ФНКЦ РР</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Emannuel Kant Baltic Federal University;&#13;
V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Родильный дом Калининградской области № 1</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kalinigrad District Maternity House No. 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный научно-исследовательский институт стоматологии и челюстно-лицевой хирургии Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Russian Ministry of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Перепелица С.А., Алексеева С.В., Возгомент О.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Перепелица С.А., Алексеева С.В., Возгомент О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Perepelitsa S.A., Alekseeva S.V., Vozgoment О.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/1789">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/1789</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования — поиск ранних неинвазивных (ультразвуковых) диагностических критериев спленомегалии у новорожденных с высоким риском развития врожденной или постнатальной инфекции.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В проспективное исследование включили 163 новорожденных ребенка первой недели жизни. Всех новорожденных, включенных в исследование, отнесли в группу высокого риска по реализации внутриутробной инфекции (ВУИ). Детей, в зависимости от массы тела при рождении, разделили на две группы: группа «А» — 80 доношенных новорожденных с нормальной массой тела при рождении и группа «В» — 83 доношенных новорожденных с задержкой внутриутробного развития (ЗВУР). Проводили комплексное обследование новорожденных, включая ультразвуковое исследование селезенки.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Увеличение коэффициента массы селезенки (Km) обнаружили у новорожденных с высоким риском развития инфекционного процесса: врожденными пороками развития челюстнолицевой области, желудочно-кишечного тракта, а также при перинатальном контакте с различными микроорганизмами. Увеличение массы селезенки и Km отражают состояние иммунного органа новорожденного в ответ на неблагоприятное, в том числе, инфекционное воздействие.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Ультразвуковое исследование морфометрических характеристик селезенки у новорожденных с различными нозологическими формами является доступным методом ранней диагностики спленомегалии. Наиболее чувствительным показателем является коэффициент массы селезенки (Km), отражающий реакцию иммунного органа на неблагоприятное перинатальное воздействие, в том числе контакт с инфекционным агентом. Средняя величина коэффициента массы селезенки находится в диапазоне от 1,1 до 3,0. При увеличении показателя более 4, увеличивается риск развития инфекционного заболевания. Данный метод может использоваться в качестве скрининга у новорожденных разного гестационного возраста, включенных в группу высокого риска по врожденной или ранней постнатальной инфекции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the study is to determine early non-invasive (ultrasound) diagnostic criteria of splenomegaly in neonates with a high risk of congenital or postnatal infection.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. In the prospective study, 163 newborn infants of the first week of live were included. All neonates included in the study were classified as possessing a high risk of an intra-uterine infection (IUI). Depending on the birth weight, the infants were split into two groups: group «А» — 80 full-term newborns with normal birth weight, and group «В» — 83 full-term newborns with fetal growth restriction (FGR). A comprehensive examination of newborns including spleen ultrasound was carried out.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. An increased spleen weight coefficient (Km) was found in newborns with high risk of infection development that included congenital oromaxillofacial and gastrointestinal defects, perinatal contacts with various microorganism. The increased spleen weight and Km reflected conditions of the immune system organ of the newborn in response to an adverse exposure including infection.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Ultrasound examination of morphometrical characteristics of the spleen in newborns with various medical conditions represents a convenient and simple method of early diagnosis of splenomegaly. The most sensitive index is the spleen weight coefficient (Km), which reflects the immune system organ response to an adverse perinatal exposure including contact with an infectious agent. The mean spleen weight coefficient is within the range of 1.1 to 3.0. When the index exceeds 4, the risk of development of an infectious disease increases. This method can be used as a screening approach for newborns of different gestation age who have been included in the high-risk group based on a congenital or early postnatal infection.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>селезенка</kwd><kwd>коэффициент массы селезенки</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>внутриутробная инфекция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spleen</kwd><kwd>spleen weight coefficient</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd><kwd>ultrasound examination</kwd><kwd>intra-uterine infection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Долгушина В.Ф., Долгушин И.И., Курносенко И.В., Лебедева Ю.В. Клинико-иммунологические критерии внутриматочной инфекции. Акушерство и гинекология. 2017; 1: 40–45. DOI: 10.18565/aig.2017.1.40-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolgushina V.F., Dolgushin I.I., Kurnosenko I.V., Lebedeva Yu.V. Clinical and immunological criteria for intrauterine infection. Akush. Ginekol. 2017; 1: 40-45. [In Russ.] DOI: 10.18565/aig.2017.1.40-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Перепелица С.А., Смердова Е.. Дифференциальная диагностика врожденной пневмонии у новорожденных с низкой и экстремально низкой массой тела (морфологическое исследование). Общая реаниматология. 2018; 14 (4): 4–14. DOI: 10.15360/18139779-2018-4-4-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perepelitsa S.A., Smerdova E.F. Differential Diagnosis of Congenital Pneumonia in Newborns with Low and Extremely Low Body Weight (Morphological Study). Obshchaya reanimatologiya=General Reanimatology. 2018; 14 (4): 4-14. [In Russ., In Engl.] DOI: 10.15360/18139779-2018-4-4-14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Well G.T.J., Daalderop L.A., Wolfs T., Kramer B.W. Human perinatal immunity in physiological conditions and during infection. Mol Cell Pediatr. 2017; 4 (1): 4. DOI: 10.1186/s40348-017-0070-1. PMID: 28432664. PMCID: PMC5400776</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Well G.T.J., Daalderop L.A., Wolfs T., Kramer B.W. Human perinatal immunity in physiological conditions and during infection. Mol Cell Pediatr. 2017; 4 (1): 4. DOI: 10.1186/s40348-017-0070-1. PMID: 28432664. PMCID: PMC5400776</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Перепелица С.А., Возгомент О.В. Коэффициент массы селезенкиновый маркер внутриутробной инфекции. Российский иммунологический журнал. 2018; 12 (24): 722–724.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perepelitsa S.A., Vozgoment O.V. Spleen mass ratio is a new marker of intrauterine infection. Rossijskij immunologicheskij zhurnal.2018; 12 (24): 722-724. [In Russ.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiao T., Chen L., Liu H., Xie S., Luo Y, Wu D. The analysis of etiology and risk factors for 192 cases of neonatal sepsis. Biomed. Res. Int. 2017: 8617076. DOI: 10.1155/2017/8617076. PMID: 28758124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiao T., Chen L., Liu H., Xie S., Luo Y, Wu D. The analysis of etiology and risk factors for 192 cases of neonatal sepsis. Biomed. Res. Int. 2017: 8617076. DOI: 10.1155/2017/8617076. PMID: 28758124.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fattah M.A., Omer А.F., Asaif S., Manlulu R., Karar T., Ahmed A., Aljada A., Saleh A.M., Qureshi S., Nasr A. Utility of cytokine, adhesion molecule and acute phase proteins in early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. J. Nat. Sci. Biol. Med. 2017; 8 (1): 32–39. DOI: 10.4103/09769668.198362. PMID: 28250672.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fattah M.A., Omer А.F., Asaif S., Manlulu R., Karar T., Ahmed A., Aljada A., Saleh A.M., Qureshi S., Nasr A. Utility of cytokine, adhesion molecule and acute phase proteins in early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. J. Nat. Sci. Biol. Med. 2017; 8 (1): 32–39. DOI: 10.4103/09769668.198362. PMID: 28250672.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kollmann T.R., Levy O., Montgomery R.R., Goriely S. Innate immune function by Toll-like receptors: distinct responses in newborns and the elderly. Immunity. 2012; 37 (5): 771–783. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.10.014. PMID: 23159225 PMCID: PMC3538030 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.10.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kollmann T.R., Levy O., Montgomery R.R., Goriely S. Innate immune function by Toll-like receptors: distinct responses in newborns and the elderly. Immunity. 2012; 37 (5): 771-783. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.10.014. PMID: 23159225 PMCID: PMC3538030 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.10.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu Y.Y., Wang S.C., Li D.J., Du M.R. Co-Signaling Molecules in MaternalFetal Immunity. Trends Mol Med. 2017; 23 (1): 46–58. DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.11.001. PMID: 27914866.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu Y.Y., Wang S.C., Li D.J., Du M.R. Co-Signaling Molecules in MaternalFetal Immunity. Trends Mol Med. 2017; 23 (1): 46-58. DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.11.001. PMID: 27914866.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar S.K., Bhat B.V. Distinct mechanisms of the newborn innate immunity. Immunol Lett. 2016; 173: 42–54. DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.03.009. PMID: 26994839.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar S.K., Bhat B.V. Distinct mechanisms of the newborn innate immunity. Immunol Lett. 2016; 173: 42-54. DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet. 2016.03.009. PMID: 26994839.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sinnott B.D., Park B., Boer M.C., Lewinsohn D.A., Lancioni C.L. Direct TLR-2 Costimulation Unmasks the Proinflammatory Potential of Neonatal CD4+ T Cells. J Immunol. 2016; 197 (1): 68–77. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501297. PMID: 27194790.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sinnott B.D., Park B., Boer M.C., Lewinsohn D.A., Lancioni C.L. Direct TLR-2 Costimulation Unmasks the Proinflammatory Potential of Neonatal CD4+ T Cells. J Immunol. 2016; 197 (1): 68-77. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501297. PMID: 27194790.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rotbain E. C., Hansen D. L., de Muckadell O., Wibrand F., Lund A. M., Frederiksen H. Splenomegaly – Diagnostic validity, work-up, and underlying causes. PLoS One. 2017; 12 (11): e0186674. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186674. PMCID: PMC 5685614.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rotbain E. C., Hansen D. L., de Muckadell O., Wibrand F., Lund A. M, Frederiksen H. Splenomegaly – Diagnostic validity, work-up, and underlying causes. PLoS One. 2017; 12 (11): e0186674. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186674. PMCID: PMC 5685614.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vancauwenberghe T., Snoeckx A., Vanbeckevoort D., Dymarkowski S., Vanhoenacker F.M. Imaging of the spleen: what the clinician needs to know. Singapore Med J. 2015; 56 (3): 133–144. PMID: 25820845. PMCID: PMC4371192.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vancauwenberghe T., Snoeckx A., Vanbeckevoort D., Dymarkowski S., Vanhoenacker F.M. Imaging of the spleen: what the clinician needs to know. Singapore Med J. 2015; 56 (3): 133-144. PMID: 25820845. PMCID: PMC4371192.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hilmes M.A., Strouse P.J. The pediatric spleen. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2007; 28 (1): 3–11. PMID: 17366703.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hilmes M.A., Strouse P.J. The pediatric spleen. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2007; 28 (1): 3-11. PMID: 17366703.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moreira M., Bras R., Goncalves D., Alencoao I., Inocencio G., Rodrigues M., Braga J. Fetal Splenomegaly: A Review. Ultrasound Q. 2018; 34 (1): 32–33. DOI: 10.1097/RUQ.0000000000000335. PMID: 29194292.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moreira M., Bras R., Goncalves D., Alencoao I., Inocencio G., Rodrigues M., Braga J. Fetal Splenomegaly: A Review. Ultrasound Q. 2018; 34 (1): 32-33. DOI: 10.1097/RUQ.0000000000000 335. PMID: 29194292.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nemati M., Hajalioghli P., Jahed S., Behzadmehr R., Rafeey M., Fouladi D.F. Normal Values of Spleen Length and Volume: An Ultrasonographic Study in Children. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2016; 42 (8): 1771–1778. DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.03.005. PMID: 27108037.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nemati M., Hajalioghli P., Jahed S., Behzadmehr R., Rafeey M., Fouladi D.F. Normal Values of Spleen Length and Volume: An Ultrasonographic Study in Children. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2016; 42 (8): 1771-1778. DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.03.005. PMID: 27108037.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelizzo G., Guazzotti M., Klersy C., Nakib G., Costanzo F., Andreatta E., Bassotti G., Calcaterra V. Spleen size evaluation in children: Time to define splenomegaly for pediatric surgeons and pediatricians. PLoS One. 2018; 13 (8): e0202741. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202741. PMCID: PMC6107197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelizzo G., Guazzotti M., Klersy C., Nakib G., Costanzo F., Andreatta E., Bassotti G., Calcaterra V. Spleen size evaluation in children: Time to define splenomegaly for pediatric surgeons and pediatricians. PLoS One. 2018; 13 (8): e0202741. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202741. PMCID: PMC6107197.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kahramaner Z., Erdemir A., Arik B., Bilgili G., Tekin M, Genc Y. Reference ranges of liver and spleen dimensions in term infants: sonographic measurements. J Med Ultrason. 2015; 42 (1): 77–81. DOI: 10.1007/s10396-014-0578-0. PMID: 26578493.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kahramaner Z., Erdemir A., Arik B., Bilgili G., Tekin M, Genc Y. Reference ranges of liver and spleen dimensions in term infants: sonographic measurements. J Med Ultrason. 2015; 42 (1): 77-81. DOI: 10.1007/s10396-014-0578-0. PMID: 26578493.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Володин Н.Н. (ред.). Неонатология. Национальное руководство. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volodin N.N. (ed.). Neonatology. National guidelines. М.: GEOTARMedia; 2009. [In Russ.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Возгомент О.В., Пыков М.И., Зайцева Н.В. Новые подходы к ультразвуковой оценке размеров селезенки у детей. Ультразв. и функц. диагностика. 2013; 6: 56–62</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vozgoment O.V., Pykov M.I., Zajtseva N.V. New approaches to ultrasound estimation of spleen size in children. Ultrazv. i funkc. diagnostika. 2013; 6: 56-62 [In Russ.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Back S.J., Maya C.L., Khwaja A. Ultrasound of congenital and inherited disorders of the pediatric hepatobiliary system, pancreas and spleen. Pediatr Radiol. 2017; 47 (9): 1069–1078. DOI: 10.1007/s00247017-3869-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Back S.J., Maya C.L., Khwaja A. Ultrasound of congenital and inherited disorders of the pediatric hepatobiliary system, pancreas and spleen. Pediatr Radiol. 2017; 47 (9): 1069-1078. DOI: 10.1007/s00247017-3869-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
