<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2019-5-61-73</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-1818</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES AND PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Чувствительность барорецепторов и состояние автономной нервной системы у пациентов с хроническими нарушениями сознания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sensitivity of the Baroreceptors and the State of the Autonomic Nervous System in Patients with Chronic Impairment of Consciousness Due to Severe Brain Damage</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дороговцев</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dorogovtsev</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 141534, Московская область, Солнечногорский район, д. Лыткино, д. 777</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>777 Lytkino 141534, Solnechnogorsk district, Moscow region, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vicdor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янкевич</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yankevich</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 141534, Московская область, Солнечногорский район, д. Лыткино, д. 777</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>777 Lytkino 141534, Solnechnogorsk district, Moscow region, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парфенов</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parfenov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 141534, Московская область, Солнечногорский район, д. Лыткино, д. 777</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>777 Lytkino 141534, Solnechnogorsk district, Moscow region, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скворцов</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skvortsov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 141534, Московская область, Солнечногорский район, д. Лыткино, д. 777</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>777 Lytkino 141534, Solnechnogorsk district, Moscow region, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котельникова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotelnikova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 105120, г. Москва, ул. Земляной вал, д. 53</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>53 Zemlyanoi val, 105120 Moscow, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научно-клинический центр реаниматологии и реабилитологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский научно-практический центр медицинской реабилитации,&#13;
восстановительной и спортивной медицины ДЗМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of medical rehabilitation Moscow Research Centre for Medical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дороговцев В.Н., Янкевич Д.С., Парфенов А.Л., Скворцов А.Е., Котельникова А.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дороговцев В.Н., Янкевич Д.С., Парфенов А.Л., Скворцов А.Е., Котельникова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dorogovtsev V.N., Yankevich D.S., Parfenov A.L., Skvortsov A.E., Kotelnikova A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/1818">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/1818</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования: изучить чувствительность барорецепторов и автономной нервной системы при пассивной ортостатической пробе у пациентов с хроническими нарушениями сознания вследствие тяжелых повреждений головного мозга и определить их роль в реабилитационном процессе.Материалы и методы. В исследование включили 30 пациентов с длительными нарушениями сознания, вызванными тяжелыми повреждениями головного мозга (группа 1), 10 из которых были в вегетативном состоянии (ВС) и 20 — с синдромом малого сознания (СМС). Основной причиной тяжелых повреждений была черепно-мозговая травма (53% пациентов этой группы). В группу сравнения вошли 24 пациента с очаговой неврологической симптоматикой, основной причиной которой в 79,2% случаев были нарушения мозгового кровообращения (группа 2). Контрольную группу (группа 3) составили 22 здоровых добровольца сопоставимого возраста. Все измерения проводили с помощью монитора Task Force Monitor 1030i (CNSystem, Австрия) в процессе пассивной ортостатической пробы 0°–30°–60°–0°. Провели анализ изменений показателей мощности низкочастотного (НЧС) и высокочастотного спектров (ВЧС) вариабельности сердечного ритма и чувствительности барорецепторов (ЧБР). Статистический анализ провели с помощью пакета статистических программ «Statistica-10». Значимость межгрупповых различий несвязанных выборок определяли расчетом критерия Манна Уитни (Mann–Whitney U-test). Достоверными считали различия при достижении уровня статистической значимости p 0,05.Результаты. Максимальные фоновые значения ЧБР выявили в контрольной группе. У пациентов 1 и 2 групп отмечали значительное снижение этого показателя, пропорциональное тяжести повреждений головного мозга. Аналогичную динамику имели показатели чувствительности автономной нервной системы (НЧС и ВЧС). Основной тренд ортостатических изменений ЧБР, НЧС, ВЧС характеризовался прогрессивным снижением этих показателей при увеличивающемся угле наклона пациентов и с восстановлением их до исходного уровня после возврата пациентов в горизонтальное положение. У 4 пациентов группы 1 (14%) при выполнении наклона на 30° появились признаки ортостатических нарушений: в 3 случаях наблюдали ортостатическую гипотензию и в одном — синдром постуральной ортостатической тахикардии (СПОТ). Отличием этих пациентов были более низкая ЧБР и более высокие показатели активности симпатической системы (НЧС) по сравнению с показателями других пациентов данной группы.Заключение. У пациентов с хроническими нарушениями сознания в посткоматозном периоде после тяжелых повреждений головного мозга наблюдаются значительное снижение чувствительности барорецепторов и нарушения автономной нервной системы, выражающиеся в значительном снижении активности симпатической и парасимпатической систем. Степень этих нарушений ассоциирована с тяжестью повреждений головного мозга. Риск развития ортостатической гипотензии при вертикализации выше у пациентов с более низкой чувствительностью барорецепторов, что необходимо учитывать в начале процесса их вертикализации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Purpose of the study: to examine sensibility of baroreceptors and the autonomic nervous in the passive orthostatic test in patients with chronic impairment of consciousness due to severe brain damage and determine their role in the rehabilitation process.Materials and methods. The study included 30 patients with long-term impairment of consciousness due to severe brain damage (group 1), 10 of them being in the vegetative state (VS) and 20 being in the minimally conscious state (MCS). Craniocerebral trauma was the main cause of severe damage in that group (53% of patients). The comparison group included 24 patients with focal neurological symptoms caused predominantly — 79.2% of cases — by cerebrovascular disorders (group 2). The control group (group 3) consisted of 22 healthy volunteers of a comparable age. All measurements were done with the help of a Task Force Monitor 1030i (CNSystem, Austria) in the course of passive orthostatic test at 0°–30°–60°–0°. Changes in the power of low-frequency (LFS) and highfrequency spectrum (HFS) of heart rate variability and baroreceptors sensibility (BRS) were analyzed. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistica-10 software. Significance of inter-group differences on unrelated samples was determined by the Mann–Whitney U-test. Differences between groups were considered significant at P 0.05.Results. Maximal background values of BRS were found in the control group. In group 1 and 2 patients, considerable decrease of that index was noted, which was proportional to the brain damage severity. Similar dynamics was observed for the indices of autonomic nervous system sensibility (LFS and HFS). The main trend of orthostatic changes of BRS, LFS, and HFS was characterized by progressive decrease of the indices with increase of the patients’ angle of tilting and their return to the baseline level after the patients were put back into the horizontal position. 4 patients of group 1 (14%) displayed signs of orthostatic disorders upon tilting to 30°: in 3 cases, orthostatic hypotension was observed, and in one case the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) was diagnosed. Those patients differed by lower BRS and higher sympathetic system activity (LFS) vs. the same indices of other patients in that group.Conclusion. Patients with chronic impairment of consciousness during the post-comatose period after a severe brain damage display a significant decrease of baroreceptors sensibility and autonomic nervous system disorders manifesting in significantly lower activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The prominence of such disorders is associated with brain damage severity. Their risk of developing orthostatic hypotension during tilting towards a vertical position is higher in patients who have lower baroreceptors sensibility, and this should be taken into account beginning the process of their verticalization.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вегетативное состояние</kwd><kwd>синдром малого сознания</kwd><kwd>пассивная ортостатическая проба</kwd><kwd>автономная нервная система</kwd><kwd>чувствительность барорецепторов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vegetative state</kwd><kwd>minimally conscious state</kwd><kwd>passive orthostatic test</kwd><kwd>autonomic nervous system</kwd><kwd>baroreceptors sensibility</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Непомнящий В.П., Лихтерман Л.Б., Ярцев В.В., Акшулаков С.К. Эпидемиология черепно-мозговой травмы и ее последствий. В кн.: Коновалов А.Н., Лихтерман Л.Б., Потапов А.А. (ред.). Клиническое руководство по черепно-мозговой травме. М., Антидор, 1998; (1): 131–136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nepomnyashchij V.P., Lihterman L.B., Yarcev V.V., Akshulakov S.K. Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury and its consequences. In the book: Konovalov A.N., Likhterman L.B., Potapov A.A. (Ed.). Clinical Guide to Traumatic Brain Injury. М., Antodor, 1998; (1): 131–136 [In Russ.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стаховская Л.В, Клочихина О.А., Богатырева М.Д., Коваленко В.В, Эпидемиология инсульта в России по результатам территориально - популяционного регистра (2009–2010) Журнал неврологии и психиатрии. 2013; 5: 4–10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stahovskaya L.V., Klochikhina O.A., Bogatyreva M.D., Kovalenko V.V. Epidemiology of stroke in Russia according to the results of the territorial-population register. (2009–2010) Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii. 2013; 5: 4–10 [In Russ.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пирадов М.А., Гулевская Т.С., Гнедовская Е.В., Лебедева Е.В., Рябинкина Ю.В., Моргунов В.А., Чайковская Р.П., Реброва О.Ю. Синдром полиорганной недостаточности при тяжелых формах инсульта (клинико-морфологическое исследование). Неврологический журнал. 2006; 11 (5): 9–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piradov M.A., Gulevskaya T.S., Gnedovskaya E.V., Lebedeva E.V., Ryabinkina YU.V., Morgunov V.A., Chajkovskaya R.P., Rebrova O.Yu. Syndrome of multiple organ failure in severe stroke (clinical and morphological study). Nevrologicheskij zhurnal. 2006; 11 (5): 9–13 [In Russ.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Серебрякова Е.Н., Волосников Д.К., Глазырина Г.А. Синдром полиорганной недостаточности: современное состояние проблемы. Вестник анестезиологии и реаниматологии. 2013; 10 (5): 60–66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serebryakova E.N., Volosnikov D.K., Glazyrina G.A. Multiple organ failure syndrome: current state of the problem. Vest. Anestesiol. Reanimatol. 2013; 10 (5): 60–66 [In Russ.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Немченко Н.С., Денисов А.В., Жирнова Н.А. Особенности синдрома полиорганной недостаточности при тяжелых травмах.: диагностика риска развития. Медико-биологические и социально-психологические проблемы безопасности в чрезвычайных ситуациях. 2012; 3: 18–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nemchenko N.S., Denisov A.V., Zhirnova N.A. Features of the syndrome of multiple organ failure in severe trauma: diagnosis of the risk of development. Mediko-biologicheskie i socialno-psihologicheskie problemy bezopasnosti v chrezvychajnyh situaciyah.2012; 3: 18–23 [In Russ.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dewar D., Moore F.A., Moore E.E., Balogh Z. Postinjury multiple organ failure. Injury, Int. J. Care Injured. 2009; 40: 912–918. PMID: 19541301, DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2009.05.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dewar D, Moore F.A., Moore E.E., Balogh Z. Postinjury multiple organ failure. Injury, Int. J. Care Injured. 2009; 40: 912–918. PMID: 19541301, DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2009.05.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lausevic Z., Lausevic M., Trbojevic-Stankovic J., Krstic S., Stojimirovic B. Predicting multiple organ failure in patients with severe trauma. Can J Surg. 2008; 51 (2): 97–102. PMID: 18377749, PMCID: PMC2386337</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lausevic Z, Lausevic M, Trbojevic-Stankovic J, Krstic S, Stojimirovic B. Predicting multiple organ failure in patients with severe trauma. Can J Surg. 2008; 51 (2): 97–102. PMID: 18377749, PMCID: PMC2386337</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белкин А.А., Алашеев А.М., Давыдова Н.С., Левит А.Л., Халин А.В. реанимационной реабилитации в профилактике и лечении синдрома «после интенсивной терапии» (ПИТ-синдром). Вестник восстановительной медицины. 2014; 1: 37–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belkin A.A., Alasheev A.M., Davydova N.S., Levit A.L., Khalin A.V. The rationale for resuscitation rehabilitation in the prevention and treatment of the syndrome after intensive care (ICU syndrome). Vestnik vosstanovitelnoj mediciny.2014; 1: 37–43 [In Russ.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Суворов А.Ю., Иванова Г.Е., Белкин А.А., Стаховская Л.В. Вертикализация пациентов с риском возникновения ПИТ – синдрома. Вестник восстановительной медицины. 2015; 4: 37–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suvorov A.Yu., Ivanova G.E., Belkin A.A., Stakhovskaya L.V. Verticalization of patients with the risk of ICU syndrome. Vestnik vosstanovitelnoj mediciny.2015; 4: 37–43 [In Russ.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kong K.H., Chuo A.M. Incidence and outcome of orthostatic hypotension in stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2003; 84 (4): 559–562. DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2003.50040. PMID: 12690595.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kong K.H., Chuo A.M. Incidence and outcome of orthostatic hypotension in stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2003; 84 (4): 559–562. DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2003.50040. PMID: 12690595.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luther M.S., Krewer C., Müller F., Koenig E. Comparison of orthostatic reactions of patients still unconscious within the first three months of brain injury on a tilt table with and without integrated stepping. A prospective, randomized crossover pilot trial. Clin. Rehabil. 2008; 22 (12): 1034–1041. DOI: 10.1177/0269215508092821. PMID: 19052242.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luther M.S., Krewer C., Müller F., Koenig E. Comparison of orthostatic reactions of patients still unconscious within the first three months of brain injury on a tilt table with and without integrated stepping. A prospective, randomized crossover pilot trial. Clin. Rehabil. 2008; 22 (12): 1034–1041. DOI: 10.1177/0269215508092821. PMID: 19052242.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Leary D.D., Kimmerly D.S., Cechetto A.D., Shoemaker J.K. Differential effect of head-up tilt on cardiovagal and sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity in humans. Exp Physiol. 2003; 88 (6): 769–774. PMID: 14603376</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Leary D.D., Kimmerly D.S., Cechetto A.D., Shoemaker J.K. Differential effect of head-up tilt on cardiovagal and sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity in humans. Exp Physiol. 2003; 88 (6): 769–774. PMID: 14603376</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hainsworth R. Cardiovascular control from cardiac and pulmonary vascular receptors. Exp Physiol 2014, 99 (2): 312–319. PMID: 24058186, DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2013.072637</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hainsworth R. Cardiovascular control from cardiac and pulmonary vascular receptors. Exp Physiol 2014, 99, (2): 312–319. PMID: 24058186, DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2013.072637</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stauss H.M. Baroreceptor reflex function. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2002; 283 (2): 284–286. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00219.2002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stauss H.M. Baroreceptor reflex function. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2002; 283 (2): 284–286. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00219.2002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamiya A., KawadaT., Shimizu S., Iwase S., Sugimachi M., Tadaaki Mano T. Slow head-up tilt causes lower activation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity: loading speed-dependence of orthostatic sympathetic activation in humans. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2009; 297: 53–58. PMID: 25071601, PMCID: PMC4086024, DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00256</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamiya A., KawadaT., Shimizu S., Iwase S., Sugimachi M., Tadaaki Mano T. Slow head-up tilt causes lower activation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity: loading speed-dependence of orthostatic sympathetic activation in humans. Am.J.Physiol.HeartCirc.Physiol. 2009; 297: 53–58. PMID: 25071601, PMCID: PMC4086024, DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00256</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lavi S., Nevo O., Thaler I., Rosenfeld R., Dayan L., Hirshoren N., Gepstein L., Jacob G. Effect of aging on the cardiovascular regulatory systems in healthy women. Am J Physiol Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2007; 292 (2): 788–793. PMID: 16946083, DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00352.2006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lavi S., Nevo O., Thaler I., Rosenfeld R., Dayan L., Hirshoren N., Gepstein L., Jacob G. Effect of aging on the cardiovascular regulatory systems in healthy women. Am J Physiol Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2007; 292 (2): 788–793. PMID: 16946083, DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00352.2006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thrasher T.N., Chen H.G., and Keil L.C. Arterial baroreceptors control plasma vasopressin responses to graded hypotension in conscious dogs. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol. 2000; 278, 469–475. PMID: 10666149, DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.2.R469</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thrasher T.N., Chen H.G., and Keil L.C. Arterial baroreceptors control plasma vasopressin responses to graded hypotension in conscious dogs. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol. 2000; 278, 469–475. PMID: 10666149, DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.2.R469</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Winchell R.J., Hoyt D.B. Analysis of heart-rate variability: a noninvasive predictor of death and poor outcome in patients with severe head injury. J. Trauma. 1997; 43: 927–933. PMID: 9420107, DOI: 10.1097/00005373-199712000-00010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Winchell R.J., Hoyt D.B. Analysis of heart-rate variability: a noninvasive predictor of death and poor outcome in patients with severe head injury. J. Trauma. 1997; 43: 927–933. PMID: 9420107, DOI: 10.1097/00005373-199712000-00010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kahraman S., Dutton R.P., Hu P., Stansbury L., Xiao Y., Stein D.M., Scalea T.M. Heart rate and pulse pressure variability are associated with intractable intracranial hypertension after severe traumatic brain injury. J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol. 2010; 22: 296–302. PMID: 20622688, DOI: 10.1097/ANA.0b013e3181e25fc3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kahraman S., Dutton R.P., Hu P., Stansbury L., Xiao Y., Stein D.M., Scalea T.M. Heart rate and pulse pressure variability are associated with intractable intracranial hypertension after severe traumatic brain injury. J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol. 2010; 22: 296–302. PMID: 20622688, DOI: 10.1097/ANA.0b013e3181e25fc3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marthol H., Intravooth T., Bardutzky J., De Fina P., Schwab S., Hilz M.J. Sympathetic cardiovascular hyperactivity precedes brain death. Clin Auton Res. 2010; 20: 363–369. PMID: 20461435, DOI: 10.1007/s10286-010-0072-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marthol H., Intravooth T., Bardutzky J., De Fina P., Schwab S., Hilz M.J. Sympathetic cardiovascular hyperactivity precedes brain death. Clin Auton Res. 2010; 20: 363–369. PMID: 20461435, DOI: 10.1007/s10286-010-0072-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baillard C., Vivien B., Mansier P., Mangin L., Jasson S., Riou B., Swynghedauw B.. Brain death assessment using instant spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Crit Care Med. 2002; (30): 306–310. PMID: 11889299, DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200202000-00007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baillard C., Vivien B., Mansier P., Mangin L., Jasson S., Riou B., Swynghedauw B.. Brain death assessment using instant spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Crit Care Med. 2002; (30): 306–310. PMID: 11889299, DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200202000-00007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кирячков Ю.Ю., Гречко А.В., Колесов Д.Л., Логинов А.А., Петрова М.В., Пряников И.В., Щелкунова И.Г., Прадхан П. Функциональная активность автономной нервной системы при различных уровнях сознания у пациентов с повреждением головного мозга. Общая реаниматология. 2018; 14 (2): 4–12. DOI: 10.15360/1813-9779-2018-2-4-12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiryachkov Y.Y., Grechko A.V., Kolesov D.L., Loginov A.A., Petrova M.V., Pryanikov I.V., Shchelkunova I.G., Pradkhan P. Functional Activity of the Autonomous Nervous System at Different Levels of Consciousness in Patients with a Brain Damage. Obschaya Reanimatologiya=General Reanimatology. 2018; 14 (2): 4–12. [In Russ.] DOI: 10.15360/1813-9779-2018-2-4-12</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Papaioannou V., Giannakou M., Maglaveras N., Sofianos E., Giala M. Investigation of heart rate and blood pressure variability, baroreflex sensitivity, and approximate entropy in acute brain injury patients. J. Crit. Care. 2008; 23 (3): 380–386. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2007.04.006. Epub 2007 Dec 11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Papaioannou V., Giannakou M., Maglaveras N., Sofianos E., Giala M. Investigation of heart rate and blood pressure variability, baroreflex sensitivity, and approximate entropy in acute brain injury patients. J. Crit. Care. 2008; 23 (3): 380–386. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2007.04.006. Epub 2007 Dec 11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McMahon C.G., Kenny R., Bennett K., Little R., Kirkman E. Effect of acute traumatic brain injury on baroreflex function. Shock. 2011; 35 (1): 53–58. DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0b013e3181e687c6. PMID: 20458265.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McMahon C.G., Kenny R., Bennett K., Little R., Kirkman E. Effect of acute traumatic brain injury on baroreflex function. Shock. 2011; 35 (1): 53–58. DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0b013e3181e687c6. PMID: 20458265.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дороговцев В.Н., Скворцов А.Е., Юдина Е.А. Изменения системной гемодинамики при ортостазе у пациентов с длительными нарушениями сознания. Общая реаниматология. 2018; 14 (6): 12–22. DOI: 10.15360/1813-9779-2018-6-12-22</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dorogovtsev V.N., Skvortsov A.E., Yudina E.A. Changes in Systemic Hemodynamics in Orthostasis in Patients With Long-Term Impairment of Consciousness. Obschaya Reanimatologiya=General Reanimatology. 2018; 14 (6): 12–22. [In Russ.]. DOI: 10.15360/1813-9779-2018-6-12-22</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parati G., Omboni S., Frattola A., Di Rienzo M., Zanchetti A., Mancia G. Dynamic evaluation of the baroreflex in ambulant subject. In: Blood pressure and heart rate variability, edited by di Rienzo. IOS Press, 1992; 123–137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parati G., Omboni S., Frattola A., Di Rienzo M., Zanchetti A., Mancia G. Dynamic evaluation of the baroreflex in ambulant subject. In: Blood pressure and heart rate variability, edited by di Rienzo. IOS Press, 1992; 123–137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">La Rovere M.T., Pinna G.D., Raczak G. Baroreflex sensitivity: measurement and clinical implications. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2008; 13: 191–207. DOI: 10.1111/j.1542-474X.2008. 00219.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">La Rovere M.T., Pinna G.D., Raczak G. Baroreflex sensitivity: measurement and clinical implications. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2008; 13: 191–207. DOI: 10.1111/j.1542-474X.2008. 00219.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schlogl A., Flotzinger D., Pfurtscheller G. Adaptive autoregressive modeling used for single-trial EEG classification. Biomed. Tech (Berl), 1997; 42 (6): 162–167. PMID: 9246870</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schlogl A., Flotzinger D., Pfurtscheller G. Adaptive autoregressive modeling used for single-trial EEG classification. Biomed. Tech (Berl), 1997; 42 (6): 162–167. PMID: 9246870</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Camm J., Malik M. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart rate variability. Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Eur. Heart J. 1996; 17: 354–381. PMID: 8737210</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Camm J., Malik M. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart rate variability. Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Eur. Heart J. 1996; 17: 354–381. PMID: 8737210</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mosqueda-Garcia R., Furlan R., Fernandes-Violante R. Sympathetic and baroreceptor reflex function in neurally mediated syncope evoked by tilt. J. Clin. Invest. 1997; 99 (11): 2736–2744.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mosqueda-Garcia R., Furlan R., Fernandes-Violante R. Sympathetic and baroreceptor reflex function in neurally mediated syncope evoked by tilt. J. Clin. Invest. 1997; 99 (11): 2736–2744.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haji-Michael P.G., Vincent J.L., Degaute J.P., van de Borne P. Power spectral analysis of cardiovascular variability in critically ill neurosurgical patients. Crit. Care. Med. 2000; 28 (7): 2578–2583.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haji-Michael P.G., Vincent J.L., Degaute J.P., van de Borne P. Power spectral analysis of cardiovascular variability in critically ill neurosurgical patients. Crit. Care. Med. 2000; 28 (7): 2578–2583.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yiallourou S.R., Sands S.A., Walker A.M., Horne R.S. Postnatal development of baroreflex sensitivity in infancy. J. Physiol. 2010; 588 (Pt 12): 2193–2203. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.187070. Epub 2010 Apr 26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yiallourou S.R., Sands S.A., Walker A.M., Horne R.S. Postnatal development of baroreflex sensitivity in infancy. J. Physiol. 2010; 588 (Pt 12): 2193–2203. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.187070. Epub 2010 Apr 26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson I.D., Little R.A., Irving M.H. An effect of trauma on human cardiovascular control: baroreflex suppression. J. Trauma. 1990; 30 (8): 974–981.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson I.D., Little R.A., Irving M.H. An effect of trauma on human cardiovascular control: baroreflex suppression. J. Trauma. 1990; 30 (8): 974–981.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conci F., Di Rienzo M., Castiglioni P. Blood pressure and heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity before and after brain death. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2001; 71 (5): 621–631.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conci F., Di Rienzo M., Castiglioni P. Blood pressure and heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity before and after brain death. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2001; 71 (5): 621–631.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baillard C., Vivien B., Mansier P., Mangin L., Jasson S., Riou B., Swynghedauw B. Brain death assessment using instant spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 30: 306–310. PMID: 11889299, DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200202000-00007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baillard C., Vivien B., Mansier P., Mangin L., Jasson S., Riou B., Swynghedauw B. Brain death assessment using instant spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 30: 306–310. PMID: 11889299, DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200202000-00007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marthol H., Intravooth T., Bardutzky J., De Fina P., Schwab S., Hilz M.J. Sympathetic cardiovascular hyperactivity precedes brain death. Clin. Auton. Res. 2010; 20: 363–369. PMID: 20461435, DOI: 10.1007/s10286-010-0072-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marthol H., Intravooth T., Bardutzky J., De Fina P., Schwab S., Hilz M.J. Sympathetic cardiovascular hyperactivity precedes brain death. Clin. Auton. Res. 2010; 20: 363–369. PMID: 20461435, DOI: 10.1007/s10286-010-0072-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J., Mifflin S.W. Subthreshold aortic nerve inputs to neurons in nucleus of the solitary tract. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2000; 278 (6): 595–604. PMID: 10848529</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang J., Mifflin S.W. Subthreshold aortic nerve inputs to neurons in nucleus of the solitary tract. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2000; 278 (6): 595–604. PMID: 10848529</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stauss H.M. Baroreceptor reflex function. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2002; 283 (2): R284–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stauss H.M. Baroreceptor reflex function. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2002; 283 (2): R284–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamiya A, Kawada T, Sugimachi M. Systems physiology of the baroreflex during orthostatic stress: from animals to humans. Front Physiol. 2014 8; 5: 256. PMID: 25071601, PMCID: PMC4086024, DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00256</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamiya A, Kawada T, Sugimachi M. Systems physiology of the baroreflex during orthostatic stress: from animals to humans. Front Physiol. 2014 8; 5: 256. PMID: 25071601, PMCID: PMC4086024, DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00256</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
