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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2020-1-35-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-1854</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES AND PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Острый респираторный дистресс-синдром у недоношенных новорожденных (морфологическое исследование)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Preterm Newborns (Morphological Study)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перепелица</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perepelitsa</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Александровна Перепелица</p><p>236041, г. Калининград, ул. Александра Невского, д. 14107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Perepelitsa</p><p>14 Aleksandr Nevsky Str., 236041 Kaliningrad25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sveta_perepeliza@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Балтийский федеральный университет им. Иммануила Канта; НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В. А. Неговского ФНКЦ РР</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Imannuel Kant Baltic Federal University; V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Перепелица С.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Перепелица С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Perepelitsa S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/1854">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/1854</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования — обоснование морфологических диагностических критериев респираторного дистресс-синдрома (РДСН) и острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома (ОРДС) у глубоконедоношенных новорожденных.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Провели анализ протоколов патологоанатомического исследования 31 новорожденного. Средний гестационный возраст детей составил 28,9±5,3 нед., масса тела при рождении — 1404±945 грамм. В выборке 58% новорожденных имели экстремально низкую массу тела (ЭМНТ). При рождении у всех новорожденных выявили асфиксию тяжелой степени, медиана оценки по шкале Апгар на 1-й минуте жизни составляла 3 [2; 5] балла. Во всех случаях имело место неблагоприятное течение заболевания. Медиана продолжительности жизни составляла 72 [22; 181] часа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. В исследовании выявили два варианта формирования гиалиновых мембран у недоношенных новорожденных с острой дыхательной недостаточностью. Гиалиновые мембраны в легких обнаружили у 93,5% новорожденных, их них в 51,6% случаев имел место РДСН, обусловленный первичным дефицитом сурфактанта, у 41,9% детей выявили ОРДС, обусловленный воздействием на незрелые легкие прямых и непрямых повреждающих факторов. Во всех случаях имелся морфологический субстрат для формирования гиалиновых мембран: незрелость и антенатальное повреждение структур аэрогематического барьера, пневмония, микроаспирация, ишемия легких.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Острый респираторный дистресс-синдром характерен для 41,9% глубоконедоношенных новорожденных, его развитию способствует воздействие на незрелые легкие прямых (врожденная пневмония, аспирация околоплодных вод) и непрямых (тяжелая перинатальная гипоксия ишемия, шок, геморрагический синдром) повреждающих факторов. Наиболее часто морфологические признаки ОРДС обнаруживали у новорожденных с врожденной пневмонией, асфиксией, неонатальной аспирацией околоплодных вод, что усугубляло течение заболевания.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study is to provide a rationale for the morphological diagnostic criteria of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and acute respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn (ARDSN) in extremely preterm newborn infants.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Autopsy protocols of 31 newborns were studied. The average gestational age of children was 28.9±5.3 weeks, body weight at birth was 1404±945 grams. Fifty eight percent of newborns in the sample had extremely low body weight (ELBW). At birth, all newborns were found to have severe asphyxia, and the median score on the Apgar scale at the 1st minute of life was 3 [2; 5] points. In all cases there was an unfavorable course of the disease. The median life span was 72 [22; 181] hours.</p></sec><sec><title>The results of the study</title><p>The results of the study. The study revealed two variants of hyaline membrane formation in preterm newborns with acute respiratory failure. Hyaline membranes in the lungs were found in 93.5% of newborns, in 51.6% of cases there was ARDSN due to the primary surfactant deﬁciency, in 41.9% of children ARDS was due to immature lung being exposed to various direct and indirect damaging factors. In all cases a distinct morphological pattern in newborns with the hyaline membranes was identiﬁed: immaturity and antenatal damage to air-blood barrier, pneumonia, microaspiration, ischemia of the lungs.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is typical for 41.9% of extremely preterm infants, its development is favored by exposure of immature lungs to direct (congenital pneumonia, amniotic ﬂuid aspiration) and indirect (severe perinatal hypoxia with ischemia, shock, hemorrhagic syndrome) damaging factors. Morphological signs of ARDS were most often found in newborns with congenital pneumonia, asphyxia, neonatal aspiration of amniotic ﬂuid.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>недоношенные новорожденные</kwd><kwd>врожденная пневмония</kwd><kwd>гиалиновые мембраны</kwd><kwd>острый респираторный дистресс-синдром</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>preterm newborns</kwd><kwd>congenital pneumonia</kwd><kwd>hyaline membranes</kwd><kwd>acute respiratory distress syndrome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Острый респираторный дистресс-синдром. Под ред. чл.-корреспондента РАМН, профессора В.В. Мороза. Москва: НИИОР РАМН. 2013: 80 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ed. Corresponding Member of RAS, Professor V.V. Moroz. 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