rmtОбщая реаниматологияGeneral Reanimatology1813-97792411-7110FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS10.15360/1813-9779-2020-1-59-72rmt-1856Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯREVIEWS & SHORT COMMUNICATIONSМодели ишемического инсульта (обзор)Models of Ischemic Stroke (Review)ГолубевА. М.GolubevA. M.

Аркадий Михайлович Голубев

107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6 

Arkady M. Golubev

25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow6 Miklukho-Maсlaya Str., 117198 Moscow 

arkadygolubev@mail.ruНИИ общей реаниматологии им. В. А. Неговского ФНКЦ РР; Российский университет дружбы народовРоссияV. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology; Peoples’ Friendship University of RussiaRussian Federation2020020320201615972Copyright © Голубев А.М., 20202020Голубев А.М.Golubev A.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/1856

Частота развития ишемического инсульта остается высокой во многих странах, несмотря на тенденцию снижения заболеваемости, обусловленной нарушениями мозгового кровообрашения. Недостаточные знания патогенеза, диагностики, клиники и лечения этого грозного заболевания. могут быть восполнены моделированием ишемического инсульта на животных, в частности грызунах (крысы, мыши).

Цель обзора. Обоснование выбора перспективной модели ишемического инсульта человека.

Из более 300 первично отобранных источников литературы различных баз данных (Scopus, Web of science, РИНЦ и др.) для анализа выбрали 84 источника, из них — 72 источника, опубликованных в течение последних лет (2015–2019 гг.). Критерием исключения источников служили малая информативность и устаревшие данные.

В обзоре рассмотрели 6 экспериментальных моделей острых нарушений мозгового кровообращения: окклюзия средней мозговой артерии, модель эмболического инсульта, фототромбоз, модели с использованием тромбина, эндотелина-1 и с применением электрокоагуляции средней мозговой артерии.

Привели факторы, влияющие на достоверность и воспроизводимость результатов исследования, связанные с соблюдением правил по размещению и акклиматизации животных, организации питания и ухода, с выбором метода анестезии и обезболивания, соблюдением асептики, мониторированием основных физиологических параметров на всех этапах эксперимента по моделированию ишемического инсульта, с гуманным выведением животных из эксперимента.

Сделали вывод о перспективности модели ишемического инсульта, основанной на окклюзии средней мозговой артерии, как наиболее приближенной к ишемическому инсульту у человека и позволяющей получать воспроизводимые результаты в эксперименте.

The incidence of ischemic stroke remains high in many countries, despite a declining trend in the incidence of brain circulation disorders. Limited knowledge of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical presentation, and treatment of this life-threatening disease can be complemented by modelling of ischemic stroke on animals, particularly, in rodents (rats, mice).

The aim of review: to provide a rationale for choosing an optimal model of human ischemic stroke.

Among more than 300 primary literature sources from various databases (Scopus, Web of science, RSCI, etc.), 84 sources were selected for evaluation, of which 72 were published in the recent years (2015–2019). The criteria for exclusion of sources were low relevance and outdated data.

The review examined six experimental models of acute cerebrovascular events including middle cerebral artery occlusion, embolic stroke model; phototrombosis; models using thrombin, endothelin-1 and electrocoagulation of the middle cerebral artery.

The review outlines the factors influencing reliability and reproducibility of research results, related to adherence to the rules of animal accommodation and acclimatization, nutrition and care, selection of anesthesia and pain relief methods, compliance with aseptic techniques, monitoring of basic physiological parameters at all stages of the ischemic stroke modeling experiment, with humane withdrawal of animals from the experiment.

It was concluded that the model of ischemic stroke, based on the occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, is most promising as being the closest to features of human ischemic stroke and enabling to obtain reproducible results in the experiment.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.