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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2021-2-88-102</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2055</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS &amp; SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анестезия у детей с тромбоцитопенией при шунтирующих операциях внепеченочной портальной гипертензии (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Anesthesia in Children with Thrombocytopenia During Bypass Surgery for Extrahepatic Portal Hypertension (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Налеев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naleyev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Налеев Алексей Александрович.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey A. Naleyev.</p><p>1 Ostrovityanov Str., 117997 Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.naleyev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазарев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazarev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Lazarev.</p><p>1 Ostrovityanov Str., 117997 Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Линькова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Linkova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Linkova.</p><p>1 Ostrovityanov Str., 117997 Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России, Кафедра детской анестезиологии и интенсивной терапии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Medical Research University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>102</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Налеев А.А., Лазарев В.В., Линькова Т.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Налеев А.А., Лазарев В.В., Линькова Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Naleyev A.A., Lazarev V.V., Linkova T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2055">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2055</self-uri><abstract><p>Синдром портальной гипертензии относится к одной из наиболее тяжелых патологий детского возраста, так как является причиной пищеводно-желудочных кровотечений, нередко приводящих к летальному исходу. Основной задачей в лечении портальной гипертензии остается предотвращение кровотечений из сосудов системы воротной вены, достигаемое посредством сосудистых операций — портосистемного шунтирования. Несмотря на преимущества эпидуральной анестезии над опиоидной, у детей с внепеченочной формой портальной гипертензии далеко не всегда удается воспользоваться данным видом анестезии, что, на наш взгляд, является одной из важнейших и до сих пор не решенных задач в анестезиологии.</p><sec><title>Цель обзора</title><p>Цель обзора: оценить спектр ограничений общей анестезии при шунтирующих операциях внепеченочной портальной гипертензии у детей с тромбоцитопенией.</p><p>Поиск источников осуществляли в базах данных PubMed, Medline, e-library и др., использовали собственные клинические наблюдения при выполнении анестезиологического обеспечения хирургической коррекции внепеченочной портальной гипертензии у детей.</p><p>Выявили, что для проведения общей анестезии при операциях портосистемного шунтирования у детей с тромбоцитопенией необходима разработка анестезиологического обеспечения, не включающего эпидуральную анестезию и введение высоких доз опиоидов.</p><p>Решением данной проблемы может быть включение в схему анестезиологического обеспечения центрального селективного альфа-2-адреноагониста дексмедетомидина — препарата, сочетающего в своем действии, как анальгетический, так и гипнотический компоненты, позволяющего за счет су-прааддитивного эффекта значительно снизить потребность в гипнотиках и опиоидных анальгетиках, сохраняя высокий уровень нейровегетативной защиты.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Оптимизация анестезиологического обеспечения у детей с тромбоцитопенией при шунтирующих операциях внепеченочной портальной гипертензии, на наш взгляд, является необходимой для минимизации хирургического стресса и побочных эффектов лекарственных препаратов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Portal hypertension syndrome is one of the most severe pediatric conditions causing gastroesophageal bleeding which can be fatal. The main challenge in the management of portal hypertension is prevention of bleeding from the portal vein system, which is achieved by vascular surgery, particularly portosystemic shunting. Epidural anesthesia, despite its advantages over the opioid one, is not always performed in children with extrahepatic portal hypertension, and still remains unsolved issue in pediatric anesthesiology.</p><sec><title>Aim of the review</title><p>Aim of the review: to evaluate the scope of limitations of general anesthesia in bypass surgery for extrahepatic portal hypertension in children with thrombocytopenia. We searched PubMed, Medline, Elibrary.ru and other databases and used original clinical observations while performing anesthesiologic support of surgical correction of extrahepatic portal hypertension in children.</p><p>We found that general anesthesia for portosystemic bypass surgery in children with thrombocytopenia requires the anesthetic support that does not include epidural anesthesia and high-dose opioid administration. This issue can be resolved by including the central selective alpha-2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine with both analgesic and hypnotic effects in the anesthesia support. Due to its additive effects, this drug significantly reduces the need for hypnotics and opioid analgesics while maintaining a high level of neurovege-tative protection.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In our opinion, optimizing anesthesia in children with thrombocytopenia during bypass surgery for extrahepatic portal hypertension is essential to minimize surgical stress and side effects of drugs.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анестезия у детей</kwd><kwd>портальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>тромбоцитопения</kwd><kwd>дексмедетомидин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pediatric anesthesia</kwd><kwd>portal hypertension</kwd><kwd>thrombocytopenia</kwd><kwd>dexmedetomidine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сухов М.Н. Внепеченочная портальная гипертензия у детей. Осложненное течение и сопутствующие заболевания. Москва: издательский дом БИНОМ; 2019: 6. ISBN 978-5-9518-0708-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sukhov M.N. Extrahepatic portal hypertension in children. Complicated course and concomitant diseases. 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