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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2021-3-1-0</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2074</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфологические изменения головного мозга при COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Brain Morphological Changes in COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабкина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babkina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Сергеевна Бабкина</p><p>10703, Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2; 117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia S. Babkina</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., 2 bldg, 10703 Moscow; 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asbabkina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубев</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubev</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>10703, Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2; 117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arkady M. Golubev</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., 2 bldg, 10703 Moscow; 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Острова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostrova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>10703, Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Ostrova</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., 2 bldg, 10703 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>10703, Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2; 117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6; 111399, Москва, Федеративный проспект, д.17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexei V. Volkov</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., 2 bldg, 10703 Moscow; 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow; 17 Federativny Prospekt, Moscow 111399</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузовлев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzovlev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>10703, Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem N. Kuzovlev</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., 2 bldg, 10703 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В.А. Неговского ФНКЦ РР; Российский университет дружбы народов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology; Peoples Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В.А. Неговского ФНКЦ РР</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В.А. Неговского ФНКЦ РР; Российский университет дружбы народов; Государственная клиническая больница им Е.О. Мухина ДЗМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology; Peoples Friendship University of Russia; E.O. Mukhin State Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бабкина А.С., Голубев А.М., Острова И.В., Волков А.В., Кузовлев А.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бабкина А.С., Голубев А.М., Острова И.В., Волков А.В., Кузовлев А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Babkina A.S., Golubev A.M., Ostrova I.V., Volkov A.V., Kuzovlev A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2074">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2074</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования — выявить морфологические признаки повреждения головного мозга умерших от COVID-19.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Провели анализ протоколов вскрытий и аутопсийного материала головного мозга 17 умерших пациентов с прижизненно подтвержденной инфекцией СOVID-19. В исследование включили случаи летального исхода, в которых COVID-19 явилась основной причиной смерти. У 5 человек диагностировали инфаркт головного мозга. Кусочки органов для гистологического исследования изымали в ходе патологоанатомического исследования. Для выявления морфологических изменений головного мозга срезы окрашивали гематоксилином и эозином и по методу Ниссля. Для исследования состояния базальных мембран сосудов применяли ШИК-реакцию, для выявления фибрина в сосудах использовали окраску гематоксилином Р.Т.А.Н. фосфовольфрамовым кислым, для выявления ДНК в ядрах срезы окрашивали по Фельгену, для выявления РНК в ядрах и цитоплазме нейронов срезы красили метиловым зеленым пиронином. Для оценки повреждения нейронов проводили иммуногистохимическое (ИГХ) исследование нейронального маркера — ядерного белка NeuN.  Результаты. Выявили признаки повреждения нейронов у умерших от COVID-19, заключающиеся в неспецифических изменениях нервных клеток (острое набухание, первичное раздражение, кариоцитолиз, клетки-тени, нейронофагия и саттелитоз) и признаках нарушения кровообращения (периваскулярный и перицеллюлярный отек, диапедезные кровоизлияния, стазы, полнокровие сосудов микроциркуляторного русла).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Морфологические изменения головного мозга свидетельствуют о повреждении центральной нервной системы у больных COVID-19. Ишемический инсульт у пациентов с COVID-19 во многом обусловлен сочетанием гипоксии, развивающейся вследствие дыхательной недостаточности, и существующих у больного факторов риска — атеросклероза артерий основания головного мозга и гипертонической болезни.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to identify the pathomorphology of brain damage in patients who died of COVID-19.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Autopsy reports and autopsy brain material of 17 deceased patients with premortem conﬁrmed COVID-19 infection were analyzed. Fatal cases in which COVID-19 was the major cause of death were included in the study. Five people were diagnosed with cerebral infarction. Organ samples were taken for histological examination during autopsy. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and by Nissl to assess brain histopathology. To study the vascular basal membranes the PAS reaction was used, to detect ﬁbrin in vessels phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin (PTAH) staining was used, to determine DNA in nuclei sections were stained according to Feulgen, to detect RNA in neuronal nuclei and cytoplasm sections were stained with methyl green-pyronin. Immunohistochemical study of a neuronal marker, nuclear protein NeuN, was performed to assess neuronal damage.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The signs of neuronal damage found in patients who died of COVID-19 included nonspeciﬁc changes of nerve cells (acute swelling, retrograde degeneration, karyolysis and cytolysis, ‘ghost' cells, neuronophagia and satellitosis) and signs of circulatory disorders (perivascular and pericellular edema, diapedesis, congested and engorged microvasculature).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Brain histopathological data indicate damage to the central nervous system in COVID-19 patients. Ischemic stroke in patients with COVID-19 is mostly caused by a combination of hypoxia resulting from respiratory failure and individual risk factors, including cerebrovascular atherosclerosis and hypertension.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>головной мозг</kwd><kwd>нейротропность вируса SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>морфология</kwd><kwd>NeuN</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>brain</kwd><kwd>neurotropic action of SARS-CoV-2 virus</kwd><kwd>ischemic stroke</kwd><kwd>morphology</kwd><kwd>NeuN</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 20-04-60352</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-04-60352.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. 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