<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2021-5-111-128</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2138</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проявление отека-набухания сенсомоторной коры большого мозга крыс в зависимости от длительности окклюзии общих сонных артерий (морфометрическое исследование)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Relation between the Severity of the Sensorimotor Cortical Edema with Cell Swelling and the Duration of Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Rats (Morphometric Study)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>644099, Омск, ул. Ленина, д.12.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey S. Stepanov.12 Lenin Str., 644099 Omsk.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>644099, Омск, ул. Ленина, д.12.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry B. Avdeev.12 Lenin Str., 644099 Omsk.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акулинин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akulinin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акулинин Виктор Александрович.644099, Омск, ул. Ленина, д.12.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor A. Akulinin.12 Lenin Str., 644099 Omsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akulinin@omsk-osma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шоронова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shoronova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>644099, Омск, ул. Ленина, д.12.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia Yu. Shoronova.12 Lenin Str., 644099 Omsk.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарьева</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarieva</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>644099, Омск, ул. Ленина, д.12.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov M. Makarieva.12 Lenin Str., 644099 Omsk.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коржук</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzhuk</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>644099, Омск, ул. Ленина, д.12.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail S. Korzhuk.12 Lenin Str., 644099 Omsk.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Омский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>111</fpage><lpage>128</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Степанов С.С., Авдеев Д.Б., Акулинин В.А., Шоронова А.Ю., Макарьева Л.М., Коржук М.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Степанов С.С., Авдеев Д.Б., Акулинин В.А., Шоронова А.Ю., Макарьева Л.М., Коржук М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stepanov S.S., Avdeev D.V., Akulinin V.A., Shoronova A.Y., Makarieva L.M., Korzhuk M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2138">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2138</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования. Изучить структурные изменения и дать морфометрическую характеристику проявлениям отека-набухания сенсомоторной коры (СМК) большого мозга половозрелых белых крыс после окклюзии общих сонных артерий различной продолжительности.Методы исследования. Острую ишемию моделировали на белых взрослых крысах Wistar путем 20, 30 и 40-мин окклюзии общих сонных артерий (ООСА). Использовали гистологические (окраска гематоксилин-эозином и по Нисслю), иммуногистохимические (NSE, MAP-2, GFAP) и морфометрические методы исследования. Морфометрический анализ осуществляли на препаратах, окрашенных гематоксилин-эозином, с помощью плагинов программы ImageJ 1.53 (Find Maxima, Find Foci). Проверку статистических гипотез (непараметрические критерии) проводили в программе Statistica 8.0.Результаты. В СМК головного мозга белых крыс после 20, 30 и 40-мин ООСА появлялись признаки цитотоксического отека-набухания, развивались очаговые деструктивные и адаптивные изменения нейронов и астроглии. Проявления отека-набухания сохранялись на протяжении всего периода наблюдения (7 сут). Статистически значимо увеличивалась относительная площадь, количество зон отека-набухания и степень их гидратации (яркость пикселей). Через 1 и 3 сут после ООСА часть отростков астроцитов СМК разрушалась. В большей степени страдали субпиальная и периваскулярные зоны. После односторонней 30 мин ООСА развивались слабые и умеренные, а после двусторонней 40 мин ООСА — умеренные и выраженные мелкоочаговые структурно-функциональные изменения СМК с появлением больших зон просветления «пористого» нейропиля, выраженного периваскулярного и перинейронального отека отростков астроцитов. Последнее сочеталось с умеренной редукцией общей численной плотности нейронов.Заключение. После ООСА в СМК на фоне дистрофических и некробиотических изменений пирамидных нейронов и активации нейроглиальных клеток появлялись признаки отека-набухания. В большей степени это проявлялось через 3 сут после двусторонней 40 мин окклюзии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study. To examine the changes in structure and morphometry in sensorimotor cortical edema with cell swelling in mature white rats after common carotid artery occlusion of various durations.Material and methods. Acute ischemia was modeled on white adult Wistar rats by 20-, 30- and 40-min occlusion of the common carotid arteries (CCA). Histological (hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining), immunohistochemical (NSE, MAP-2, GFAP) and morphometric methods were used. Morphometry was assessed on hematoxylin and eosin-stained specimens using ImageJ 1.53 plug-ins (Find Maxima, Find Foci). Statistical hypothesis testing (nonparametric criteria) was performed using Statistica 8.0 software.Results. In the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) of white rats after 20, 30 and 40 minutes of CCA occlusion the signs of cytotoxic brain edema appeared, focal destructive and adaptive changes of neurons and astroglia evolved. The edema persisted throughout the observation period (7 days). The increase in the relative area, the number of cell swelling zones and their hydration (pixel brightness) was significant. On days 1 and 3 after CCA occlusion, some of the SMC astrocyte processes underwent destruction. Subpial and perivascular zones suffered to a greater extent. Mild and moderate (after unilateral 30-min CCA occlusion) to moderate and severe (after bilateral 40-min CCA occlusion) scattered structural and functional changes of the SMC with large areas of clearing in the «porous» neuropil, severe perivascular and perineuronal edema of the astrocyte processes developed. The latter was associated with a moderate reduction of the total neuronal density.Conclusion. After occlusion of CCA, signs of edema with cellular swelling appeared in the SMC amid dystrophic and necrotic pyramidal neurons and activated neuroglial cells. To a greater extent, the signs of brain swelling were evident three days after bilateral 40-min occlusion of CCA.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>отек-набухание</kwd><kwd>острая ишемия</kwd><kwd>неокортекс</kwd><kwd>нейроны</kwd><kwd>астроглия</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd><kwd>крысы Wistar</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>brain edema</kwd><kwd>acute ischemia</kwd><kwd>neocortex</kwd><kwd>neurons</kwd><kwd>astroglia</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd><kwd>Wistar rats</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данная работа выполнена при поддержке ФГБОУ ВО Омского государственного медицинского университета в рамках подготовки и аттестации научно-педагогических и научных кадров.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was supported by the Omsk State Medical University as part of the training and certification of the academic staff program.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баширова А.Р., Сундуков Д.В., Бабкина А.С., Голубев М.А., Телипов И.Н. Морфометрические изменения клеток коры головного мозга при острых отравлениях клозапином в сочетании с этиловым спиртом. Общая реаниматология. 2020; 16 (6): 19-30. DOI: 10.15360/1813-9779-2020-6-19-30</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bashirova A.R., Sundukov D.V., Babkina A.S., Golubev M.A., Telipov I.N. Morphometry of cortical neurons in acute clozapine and ethanol poisoning. Obshchaya Reanimatologiya=General Reanimatology. 2020, 16 (6): 19-30 [In Russ.]. DOI: 10.15360/1813-9779-2020-6-19-30</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bailey D.M.,Bartsch P.,Knauth M.,Baumgartner R.W. Emerging concepts in acute mountain sickness and high-altitude cerebral edema: from the molecular to the morphological. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009, 66 (22): 3583-3594. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0145-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bailey D.M., Bartsch P., Knauth M., Baumgartner R.W. Emerging concepts in acute mountain sickness and high-altitude cerebral edema: from the molecular to the morphological. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009, 66 (22): 3583-3594. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0145-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adeva M.M., Souto G., Donapetry C., Portals M., Rodriguez A., Lamas D. Brain edema in diseases of different etiology. Neurochem Int. 2012, 61 (2): 166-174. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.05.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adeva M.M., Souto G., Donapetry C., Portals M., Rodriguez A., Lamas D. Brain edema in diseases of different etiology. Neurochem Int. 2012, 61 (2): 166-174. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.05.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y.F., Parpura V. Astroglial modulation of hydromineral balance and cerebral edema. Front Mol Neurosci. 2018, 11: 204. DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00204.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y.F., Parpura V. Astroglial modulation of hydromineral balance and cerebral edema. Front Mol Neurosci. 2018, 11: 204. DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00204.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Slivka A., Murphy E., Horrocks L. Cerebral edema after temporary and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Stroke. 1995, 26 (6): 1061-1065. DOI: 10.1161/01.str.26.6.1061.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Slivka A., Murphy E., Horrocks L. Cerebral edema after temporary and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Stroke. 1995, 26 (6): 1061-1065. DOI: 10.1161/01.str.26.6.1061.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keep R.F., Jones H.C., Drewes L.R. This was the year that was: brain barriers and brain fluid research in 2019. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2020, 17 (1): 20. DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-00181-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keep R.F., Jones H.C., Drewes L.R. This was the year that was: brain barriers and brain fluid research in 2019. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2020, 17(1): 20. DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-00181-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krueger M., Mages B., Hobusch C., Michalski D. Endothelial edema precedes blood-brain barrier breakdown in early time points after experimental focal cerebral ischemia. Acta Neuropathologica Communications. 2019, 7: 17. https: //doi.org/10.1186/s40478-019-0671-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krueger M., Mages B., Hobusch C., Michalski D. Endothelial edema precedes blood-brain barrier breakdown in early time points after experimental focal cerebral ischemia. Acta Neuropathologica Communications. 2019, 7: 17. https: //doi.org/10.1186/s40478-019-0671-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ding Y., Liu J., Xu Y., Dong X., Shao B. Evolutionary adaptation of Aquaporin-4 in Yak (Bos grunniens) brain to high-altitude hypoxia of Qinghaitibetan plateau. High altitude medicine &amp; biology. 2020, 21 (2). DOI: 10.1089/ham.2019.0076</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ding Y., Liu J., Xu Y., Dong X., Shao B. Evolutionary adaptation of Aquaporin-4 in Yak (Bos grunniens) brain to high-altitude hypoxia of Qinghai-tibetan plateau. High altitude medicine &amp; biology. 2020, 21 (2). DOI: 10.1089/ham.2019.0076</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hinzman J.M., DiNapoli V.A., Mahoney E.J., Gerhardt G.A., Hartings J.A. Spreading depolarizations mediate excitotoxicity in the development of acute cortical lesions. Exp Neurol. 2015, 267: 243-253. DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.03.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hinzman J.M., DiNapoli V.A., Mahoney E.J., Gerhardt G.A., Hartings J.A. Spreading depolarizations mediate excitotoxicity in the development of acute cortical lesions. Exp Neurol. 2015, 267: 243-253. DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.03.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dreier J.P., Lemale C.L., Kola V., Friedman A., Schoknecht K. Spreading depolarization is not an epiphenomenon but the principal mechanism of the cytotoxic edema in various gray matter structures of the brain during stroke. Neuropharmacol. 2018, 15 (134): 189-207. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.027.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dreier J.P., Lemale C.L., Kola V., Friedman A., Schoknecht K. Spreading depolarization is not an epiphenomenon but the principal mechanism of the cytotoxic edema in various gray matter structures of the brain during stroke. Neuropharmacol. 2018, 15 (134): 189-207. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.027.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Квитницкий-Рыжов Ю.Н. Отек и набухание головного мозга. Киев: «Здоров'я», 1978: 184.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kvitnitskiy-Ryzhov Yu.N. Swelling and swelling of the brain. Kiev: «Zdorov'ya», 1978: 184 [In Russ.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ito U., Hakamata Y., Kawakami E., Oyanagi K. Degeneration of astrocytic processes and their mitochondria in cerebral cortical regions peripheral to the cortical infarction: heterogeneity of their disintegration is closely associated with disseminated selective neuronal necrosis and maturation of injury. Stroke. 2009, 40 (6): 2173-2181. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.534990.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ito U., Hakamata Y., Kawakami E., Oyanagi K. Degeneration of astrocytic processes and their mitochondria in cerebral cortical regions peripheral to the cortical infarction: heterogeneity of their disintegration is closely associated with disseminated selective neuronal necrosis and maturation of injury. Stroke. 2009, 40 (6): 2173-2181. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.534990.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Моргун А.В., Малиновская Н.А., Комлева Ю.К., Лопатина О.Л., Кувачева Н.В., Панина Ю.А., Таранушенко Т.Е., Солончук Р.Ю., Салмина А.Б. Структурная и функциональная гетерогенность астроцитов головного мозга: роль в нейродегенерации и нейровоспалении. Бюлл. сибирской медицины. 2014, 13 (5): 138-148. DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2014-5-138-148</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morgun A.V., Malinovskaya N.A., Komleva Yu.K., Lopatina O.L., Kuvacheva N.V., Panina Yu.A., Taranushenko T.E., Solonchuk R.Yu., Salmina A.B. Structural and functional heterogeneity of astrocytes in the brain: role in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Byulleten' sibirskoy meditsiny. 2014, 13 (5): 138-148 [In Russ.]. DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2014-5-138-148</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Степанов А.С., Акулинин В.А., Мыцик А.В., Степанов С.С., Авдеев Д.Б. Нейро-глио-сосудистые комплексы головного мозга после острой ишемии. Общая реаниматология. 2017, 13 (6): 6-17. DOI: 10.15360/1813-9779-2017-6-6-17</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepanov A.S., Akulinin V.A., Mysik A.V., Stepanov S.S., Avdeev D.B. Neuro-Glio-Vascular Complexes of the Brain After Acute Ischemia. Obshchaya Reanimatologiya=General Reanimatology. 2017, 13 (6): 6-17. [In Russ.]. DOI: 10.15360/1813-9779-2017-6-6-17</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pekny M., Pekna M. Astrocyte reactivity and reactive astrogliosis: costs and benefits. Physiol Rev. 2014, 94: 1077-1098. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pekny M., Pekna M. Astrocyte reactivity and reactive astrogliosis: costs and benefits. Physiol Rev. 2014, 94: 1077-1098. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bai J., Lyden P.D. Переосмысливая постишемическое реперфузионное повреждение головного мозга: новые взгляды на понимание механизмов нарушения реперфузии, кровоизлияния и отека. Internation. J. Stroke. 2015, 10 (2): 143-152 DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12434</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bai J., Lyden P.D. Revisiting cerebral postischemic reperfusion injury: new insights in understanding reperfusion failure, hemorrhage, and edema. Internation. J. Stroke. 2015, 10 (2): 143-152. DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12434</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Von Kummer R., Dzialowski I. Imaging of cerebral ischemic edema and neuronal death. Neuroradiology. 2017; 59 (6): 545-553. DOI: 10.1007/s00234-017-1847-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Von Kummer R., Dzialowski I. Imaging of cerebral ischemic edema and neuronal death. Neuroradiology. 2017; 59 (6): 545-553. DOI: 10.1007/s00234-017-1847-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабкина А.С., Баева А.А., Баширова А.Р., Благонравов М.Л., Голубев А.М., Гребенчиков О.А., Гречко А.В., Ершов А.В., Захарченко В.Е., Кузовлев А.Н., Муслимов Б.Г., Острова И.В., Перепелица С.А., Петрова М.В., Романова О.Л., Саидов Ш.Х., Силачев Д.Н., Сундуков Д.В., Телипов И.Н., Усманов Э.Ш., Хаджиева М.Б., Чурилов А.А., Шабанов А.К., Шевелев О.А. Биологические маркеры повреждения и регенерации центральной нервной системы. Москва: ООО «ВЦИ»; 2021: 432. ISBN 9785604415900.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babkina A.S., Baeva A.A., Bashirova A.R., Blagonravov M.L., Golubev A.M., Grebenchikov O.A., Grechko A.V., Ershov A.V., Zakharchenko V.E., KuzovlevA.N., Muslimov B.G., Ostrova I.V., rerepelitsa S.A., retrova M.V., Romanova O.L., Saidov Sh.Kh., Silachev D.N., Sundukov D.V., Telipov I.N., Usmanov E.Sh., Khadzhieva M.B., Churilov A.A., Shabanov A.K., Shevelev O.A. Biological markers of damage and regeneration of the central nervous system. Moscow: OOO «VTsi»; 2021: 432. ISBN 9785604415900 [In Russ.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi K., Tian De-Cai, Li Zhi-Guo, Ducruet A.F., Lawton M.T., Shi Fu-Dong. Global brain inflammation in stroke. Lancet Neurol. 2019; 18 (11): 1058-1066. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30078-X.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi K., Tian De-Cai, Li Zhi-Guo, Ducruet A.F., Lawton M.T., Shi Fu-Dong. Global brain inflammation in stroke. Lancet Neurol. 2019; 18 (11): 1058-1066. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30078-X.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paxinos G, Watson C. The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. 5th ed. San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press. 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paxinos G., Watson C. The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. 5th ed. San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press. 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herbert A.D., Carr A.M., Hoffmann E. FindFoci: a focus detection algorithm with automated parameter training that closely matches human assignments, reduces human inconsistencies and increases speed of analysis. PLoS One. 2014; 9 (12): e114749. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114749</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herbert A.D., Carr A.M., Hoffmann E. FindFoci: a focus detection algorithm with automated parameter training that closely matches human assignments, reduces human inconsistencies and increases speed of analysis. PLoS One. 2014; 9 (12): e114749. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114749.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bolon B., Garman R., Jensen K., Krinke G., Stuart B. Best practices approach to neuropathologic assessment in developmental neurotoxicity testing. Toxicol. rathol. 2006; 34 (3): 296-313. DOI: 10.1080/01926230600713269</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolon B., Garman R., Jensen K., Krinke G., Stuart B. Best practices approach to neuropathologic assessment in developmental neurotoxicity testing. Toxicol. rathol. 2006; 34 (3): 296-313. DOI: 10.1080/01926230600713269</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ooigawa H., Nawashiro H., Fukui S., Otani N, Osumi A, Toyooka T, Shima K. The fate of Nissl-stained dark neurons following traumatic brain injury in rats: difference between neocortex and hippocampus regarding survival rate. Acta Neuropathol. 2006; 112 (4): 471-481. DOI: 10.1007/s00401-006-0108-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ooigawa H., Nawashiro H., Fukui S., Otani N, Osumi A, Toyooka T, Shima K. The fate of Nissl-stained dark neurons following traumatic brain injury in rats: difference between neocortex and hippocampus regarding survival rate. Acta Neuropathol. 2006; 112 (4): 471-481. DOI: 10.1007/s00401-006-0108-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Боровиков В. Statistica. Искусство анализа данных на компьютере. Изд-во Питер; 2003: 2-ое изд.: 688.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borovikov V. Statistica. The art of analyzing data on a computer. Publishing House «Piter»; 2003: 2nd ed.: 688 [In Russ.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волкова Д.А., Косицын Н.С., Голобородько Е.В., Логинова Н.А., Свинов М.М. Электрофизиологические корреляты морфологических перестроек при моделировании локальной ишемии разной степени тяжести в сенсомоторной коре крыс. Бюлл. Эксперим. Биол. Медиц. 2013; 155 (2): 233-236. DOI: 10.1007/s10517-013-2128-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkova D.A., Kositsyn N.S., Goloborod'ko E.V., Loginova N.A., Svinov M.M. Electrophysiological correlations of morphological restructuring in experimental local ischemia of different severity in the rat sensorimotor cortex. Byulleten' eksperimental'noy biologii i meditsiny= Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2013; 155 (2): 233236 [In Russ.]. DOI: 10.1007/s10517-013-2128-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Степанов С.С., Акулинин В.А., Авдеев Д.Б., Степанов А.С., Горбунова А.В. Реорганизазия астроцитов неокортекса белых крыс после 20-минутной окклюзии общих сонных артерий. Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова. 2019; 105 (5): 578-590. DOI: 10.1134/S086981391905011X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepanov S.S., Akulinin V.A., Avdeev D.B., Stepanov A.S., Gorbunova A.V. Reorganization of astrocytes of the neocortex of white rats after 20-minute occlusion of the common carotid arteries Rossijskij fiziologicheskij zhurnal im. I.M. Sechenova. 2019; 105 (5): 578-590 [In Russ.]. DOI: 10.1134/S086981391905011X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семченко В.В., Степанов С.С., Боголепов Н.Н. Синаптическая пластичность головного мозга (фундаментальные и прикладные аспекты). М.: Директ-Медиа; 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semchenko V.V., Stepanov S.S., Bogolepov N.N. Brain synaptic plasticity (fundamental and applied aspects). M.: Direct Media; 2014 [In Russ.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
