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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2022-1-4-10</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2172</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нозокомиальная инфекция у пациентов с тяжелым  и крайне тяжелым течением COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nosocomial Infection in Patients with Severe and Critical COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бычинин</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bychinin</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115682, г. Москва, Ореховый бульвар, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>28 Orekhovy bulvar, 115682 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонов</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonov</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115682, г. Москва, Ореховый бульвар, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>28 Orekhovy bulvar, 115682 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клыпа</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klypa</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115682, г. Москва, Ореховый бульвар, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>28 Orekhovy bulvar, 115682 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мандель</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mandel</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115682, г. Москва, Ореховый бульвар, д. 28</p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>28 Orekhovy bulvar, 115682 Moscow;</p><p>8 Trubetskaya Str., Bldg. 2, 119991 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irina.a.mandel@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минец</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minets</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115682, г. Москва, Ореховый бульвар, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>28 Orekhovy bulvar, 115682 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колышкина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolyshkina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115682, г. Москва, Ореховый бульвар, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>28 Orekhovy bulvar, 115682 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голобокова</surname><given-names>Я. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golobokova</surname><given-names>Ya. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115682, г. Москва, Ореховый бульвар, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>28 Orekhovy bulvar, 115682 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов  медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов  медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства России; Первый Московский государственный медицинский  университет им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia; I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>10</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бычинин М.В., Антонов И.О., Клыпа Т.В., Мандель И.А., Минец А.И., Колышкина Н.А., Голобокова Я.Б., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бычинин М.В., Антонов И.О., Клыпа Т.В., Мандель И.А., Минец А.И., Колышкина Н.А., Голобокова Я.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bychinin M.V., Antonov I.O., Klypa T.V., Mandel I.A., Minets A.I., Kolyshkina N.A., Golobokova Y.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2172">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2172</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Определить этиологию и частоту внутрибольничной инфекции у пациентов с тяжелым и крайне тяжелым течением COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В ретроспективное одноцентровое исследование включили 168 пациентов с COVID-19, госпитализированных в отделение реанимации и интенсивной терапии (ОРИТ). У пациентов регистрировали все случаи инфекции, клинико-лабораторную характеристику и исход.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Внутрибольничную инфекцию выявили у 82 (48,8%) из 168 пациентов, чаще у мужчин (р=0,028). Всего регистрировали 232 эпизода внутрибольничной инфекции: вентилятор-ассоциированную пневмонию (48,2%), инфекцию кровотока (39,2%), внутрибольничную пневмонию/трахеобронхит (13,4%) и мочевую инфекцию (5,2%). Основными возбудителями внутрибольничной инфекции были резистентные штаммы Acinetobacter baumannii и Klebsiella pneumoniae. Инфекция развивалась в среднем на 6-й [3; 9] день нахождения в ОРИТ, была ассоциирована с исходной тяжестью состояния, определяемой по ряду параметров: SOFA (p=0,016), SpO2 (p=0,005), выраженности лимфопении (p=0,003), нейтрофильно-лимфоцитарному соотношению (p=0,004), концентрации С-реактивного белка (p=0,01), аспартаминтрансферазы (p=0,022), витамина Д (p=0,035). Пациенты, у которых была диагностирована инфекция, в сравнении с пациентами без инфекции, чаще нуждались в проведении искусственной вентиляции легких (67,6 и 32,4%, p&lt;0,001), высокопоточной кислородотерапии (50,0 и 31,0%, p=0,020), заместительной почечной терапии (36,8 и 9,3%, p=0,003), имели большую продолжительность нахождения в ОРИТ (13 [9; 18] и 4 [2; 8], p&lt;0,001), большую продолжительность пребывания в стационаре (19 [14; 29] и 15 [11; 20], p=0,001) и летальность (47 (57,3%) и 25 (29,0%), p&lt;0,001).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У пациентов с тяжелым и крайне тяжелым течением COVID-19 выявили высокую частоту внутрибольничной инфекции, которая негативно влияла на исход заболевания. Более чем в половине случаев возбудителями инфекции являлись резистентные штаммы грамотрицательных палочек. Прокальцитонин является полезным биомаркером для идентификации бактериальной ин-фекции у пациентов с COVID-19.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to determine the etiology and frequency of nosocomial infections in patients with severe and critical COVID-19.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A retrospective, single-center study included 168 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). All episodes of infection, clinical and laboratory characteristics, and outcome were documented in patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Hospital-acquired infections were detected in 82 (48.8%) of 168 patients, more frequently in men (p = 0.028).  A total of 232 episodes of nosocomial infections were observed including ventilator-associated pneumonia (48.2%), bloodstream infection (39.2%), nosocomial pneumonia/tracheobronchitis (13.4%), and urinary tract infection (5.2%). The main causative agents of nosocomial infections were resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infections developed on the average on day 6 [3; 9] of ICU stay and were associated with the initial severity of the patients assessed by SOFA (p=0.016), SpO2 (p=0.005), lymphopenia severity (p=0.003), Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (p=0.004), C-reactive protein (p=0.01), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level (p=0.022), or vitamin D (p=0.035) levels. Patients diagnosed with infection were more likely than those without infections to require mechanical ventilation (67.6% vs 32.4%, p &lt; 0.001), high-flow oxygen therapy (50.0% vs 31.0%, p = 0.020), renal replacement therapy (36.8% vs 9.3%, p = 0.003), and had longer ICU length of stay (13 [9; 18] vs 4 [2; 8], p &lt; 0.001), hospital length of stay (19 [14; 29] vs 15 [11; 20], p = 0.001) and mortality (47 (57.3%) vs 25 (29.0%), p &lt; 0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In patients with severe and critical COVID-19 a high incidence of nosocomial infections was found, which negatively affected the outcome. In more than half of the cases, the infection was caused by resistant strains of Gram-negative bacilli. Procalcitonin is a useful biomarker for identifying bacterial infection in patients with COVID-19.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>внутрибольничная инфекция</kwd><kwd>реанимация и интенсивная терапия</kwd><kwd>исход</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>nosocomial infection</kwd><kwd>intensive care</kwd><kwd>outcome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou F., Yu T., Du R., Fan G., Liu Y., Liu Z., Xiang J., Wang Y., Song B., Gu X., Guan L., Wei Y., Li H., Wu X., Xu J., Tu S., Zhang Y., Chen H., Cao B. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10229): 1054–1062. 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