<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2022-6-4-11</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2228</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Регионарная анестезия при каротидной эндартерэктомии у пациентов в остром периоде ишемического инсульта (пилотное исследование)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regional Anesthesia for Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke (Pilot Study)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-4352</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симонов</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonov</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Владимирович Симонов - врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог отделения анестезиологии и реанимации ГБУЗ "ГКБ имени В.М. Буянова ДЗМ", врач высшей категории, обладатель статуса "Московский врач" (2018 г), магистр управления и экономики здравоохранения.</p><p>115516, Москва, ул. Бакинская, д. 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg V. Simonov</p><p>26 Bakinskaya Str., 115516 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.sov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прямиков</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pryamikov</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115516, Москва, ул. Бакинская, д. 26; 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr D. Pryamikov</p><p>26 Bakinskaya Str., 115516 Moscow; 1 Ostrovityanov Str., 117997 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лолуев</surname><given-names>Р. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loluev</surname><given-names>R. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115516, Москва, ул. Бакинская, д. 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ruslan Yu. Loluev</p><p>26 Bakinskaya Str., 115516 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суряхин</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suryakhin</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115516, Москва, ул. Бакинская, д. 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor S. Suryakhin</p><p>26 Bakinskaya Str., 115516 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Переведенцева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perevedentseva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115516, Москва, ул. Бакинская, д. 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Perevedentseva</p><p>26 Bakinskaya Str., 115516 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафронова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safronova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115516, Москва, ул. Бакинская, д. 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina A. Safronova</p><p>26 Bakinskaya Str., 115516 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красников</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnikov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115516, Москва, ул. Бакинская, д. 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey L. Krasnikov</p><p>26 Bakinskaya Str., 115516 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Есипов</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Esipov</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115516, Москва, ул. Бакинская, д. 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel S. Esipov</p><p>26 Bakinskaya Str., 115516 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чуркин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Churkin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115516, Москва, ул. Бакинская, д. 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Churkin</p><p>26 Bakinskaya Str., 115516 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронков</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironkov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115516, Москва, ул. Бакинская, д. 26; 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey B. Mironkov</p><p>26 Bakinskaya Str., 115516 Moscow; 1 Ostrovityanov Str., 117997 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хрипун</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khripun</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey I. Khripun</p><p>1 Ostrovityanov Str., 117997 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница им. В. М. Буянова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Buyanov City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Department of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница им. В. М. Буянова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы; Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Buyanov City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Department of Health; N.I. Pirogov Russian National Medical Research University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Medical Research University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>11</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Симонов О.В., Прямиков А.Д., Лолуев Р.Ю., Суряхин В.С., Переведенцева Е.В., Сафронова М.А., Красников А.Л., Есипов П.С., Чуркин А.А., Миронков А.Б., Хрипун А.И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Симонов О.В., Прямиков А.Д., Лолуев Р.Ю., Суряхин В.С., Переведенцева Е.В., Сафронова М.А., Красников А.Л., Есипов П.С., Чуркин А.А., Миронков А.Б., Хрипун А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Simonov O.V., Pryamikov A.D., Loluev R.Y., Suryakhin V.S., Perevedentseva E.V., Safronova M.A., Krasnikov A.L., Esipov P.S., Churkin A.A., Mironkov A.B., Khripun A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2228">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2228</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Оценка безопасности регионарной анестезии при выполнении каротидной эндартерэктомии (КЭЭ) у пациентов в остром периоде ишемического инсульта.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В одноцентровое проспективное когортное исследование включили 66 пациентов в остром периоде ишемического инсульта, соответствующего атеротромботическому подтипу по классификации TOAST, которым была выполнена КЭЭ. Критериями включения являлись: ишемический инсульт атеротромботического подтипа (первые 28 дней), ипсилатеральный ишемическому инсульту стеноз ВСА 50% и более, неврологический дефицит 1–4 балла по модифицированной шкале Rankin, неврологический дефицит 1–13 баллов по шкале инсульта NIHSS, размер ишемического очага в головном мозге не более 4 см. Сравнили два анестезиологических подхода — регионарную анестезию (РА) и общую анестезию (ОА). У 46 пациентов применяли РА, у 20 больных — ОА. РА выполняли под ультразвуковой навигацией в объеме блокады поверхностного и глубокого шейных сплетений на стороне операции.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Статистически значимых различий в исходных характеристиках пациентов, особенностях хирургических операций и клинических исходах между группами не выявили. Токсических реакций на местный анестетик в виде неврологических или сердечно-сосудистых реакций не отметили. Конверсии с РА на ОА не выполняли. На госпитальном этапе повторного ишемического ипсилатерального инсульта, инфаркта миокарда, раневых геморрагических осложнений, а также летальных исходов в группе РА не произошло.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В пилотном исследовании продемонстрировали безопасность РА при выполнении КЭЭ у пациентов в остром периоде ишемического инсульта. РА позволяет осуществлять адекватный нейромониторинг и своевременную интраоперационную диагностику «новых» ишемических осложнений. Для сравнения эффективности РА и ОА при КЭЭ у пациентов в остром периоде ишемического инсульта необходимо проведение крупных рандомизированных исследований.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. The aim of this study is to assess the safety of the use of regional anesthesia for performing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in patients in the acute phase of ischemic stroke.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 66 patients in the acute phase of ischemic stroke (atherothrom-botic subtype according to the TOAST classification) who underwent carotid endarterectomy. The inclusion criteria for the study were as follows: acute phase of atherothrombotic ischemic stroke (first 28 days), ipsilateral symptomatic ≥ 50% stenosis of the internal carotid artery, 1-4 points neurological deficit according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), 1-13 points neurological deficit according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), size of the cerebral ischemic lesion ≤ 4 cm. This single-center prospective cohort study compared two anesthetic approaches, regional anesthesia (RA, 46 patients) and general anesthesia (GA, 20 patients). The RA techniques included ultrasound-guided superficial and deep cervical plexus blocks on the side of the surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study found no significant differences in the baseline patient characteristics, surgery techniques and clinical outcomes between the groups. There were no neurological or cardiovascular toxic reactions to the local anesthetics. Conversions from RA to GA were not performed. In the RA group, recurrent ipsilateral ischemic strokes, myocardial infarctions, wound hemorrhagic complications and lethal outcomes did not occur.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. This pilot study has demonstrated the safety of RA for performing CEA in patients in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. RA provides adequate neuromonitoring and timely intraoperative recognition of «new» ischemic complications. To compare the efficacy of RA and GA for performing CEA in patients with acute ischemic stroke, large randomized controlled trials are needed.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>каротидная эндартерэктомия</kwd><kwd>регионарная анестезия</kwd><kwd>блокада шейного сплетения</kwd><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>carotid endarterectomy</kwd><kwd>regional anesthesia</kwd><kwd>cervical plexus block</kwd><kwd>ischemic stroke</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mracek J., Kletecka J., Mork J., Stepanek D., Dostal J., Mrackova J., Priban V. Indications for general versus local anesthesia during carotid endarterectomy. Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2019; 80 (4): 250–254. DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1678601. PMID: 30887487.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mracek J., Kletecka J., Mork J., Stepanek D., Dostal J., Mrackova J., Priban V. Indications for general versus local anesthesia during carotid endarterectomy. Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2019; 80 (4): 250–254. DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1678601. PMID: 30887487.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Симонов О.В., Тюрин И.Н., Прямиков А.Д., Миронков А.Б. Выбор метода анестезии при каротидной эндартерэктомии (обзор). Общая реаниматология. 2018; 14 (6): 95–113. DOI: 10.15360/18139779-2018-6-95-113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simonov O.V., Tyurin I.N., Pryamikov A.D., Mironov A.B. The choice of the type of anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy (review). General reanimatology/Obshchaya reanimatologya. 2018; 14 (6): 95–113. (in Russ.). DOI: 10.15360/1813-9779-2018-6-95-113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Осипенко Д.В., Марочков А.В. Общая комбинированная анестезия в сочетании с блокадой поверхностного шейного сплетения при операциях на сонных артериях. Общая реаниматология. 2012; 8 (2): 47–52. DOI: 10.15360/1813-9779-2012-2-47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osipenko D.V., Marochkov A.V. General combined anesthesia in combination with superﬁcial cervical plexus block during carotid artery surgery. General reanimatology/Obshchaya reanimatologya. 2012; 8 (2): 47–52. (in Russ.). DOI: 10.15360/1813-9779-2012-2-47.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Национальные рекомендации по ведению пациентов с заболеваниями брахиоцефальных артерий. Российская Федерация; 2013: 1–70. URL: http://www.angiolsurgery.org/recommendations/2013/recommendations_brachiocephalic.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National guidelines for management of patients with diseases of bra chiocephalic arteries. Russian Federation; 2013: 1–70. (in Russ.). URL: http: //www.angiolsurgery.org/recommendations/2013/recommendations_brachiocephalic.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GALA Trial Collaborative Group. Lewis S.C., Warlow C.P, Bodenham A.R., Colam B., Rothwell P.M., Torgerson D., Dellagrammaticas D., Horrocks M., Liapis C., Banning A.P., Gough M., Gough M.J. General Anaesthesia versus Local Anaesthesia for carotid surgery (GALA): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008; 372 (9656): 2132–2142. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (08)61699-2. PMID: 19041130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GALA Trial Collaborative Group. Lewis S.C., Warlow C.P, Bodenham A.R., Colam B., Rothwell P.M., Torgerson D., Dellagrammaticas D., Horrocks M., Liapis C., Banning A.P., Gough M., Gough M.J. General Anaesthesia versus Local Anaesthesia for carotid surgery (GALA): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008; 372 (9656): 2132–2142. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)616992. PMID: 19041130.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Macfarlane A.J.R., Vlassakov K., Elkassabany N. Regional anesthesia for vascular surgery: does the anesthetic choice inﬂuence outcome? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2019; 32 (5): 690–696. DOI: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000781. PMID: 31415047.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Macfarlane A.J.R., Vlassakov K., Elkassabany N. Regional anesthesia for vascular surgery: does the anesthetic choice inﬂuence outcome? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2019; 32 (5): 690–696. DOI: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000781. PMID: 31415047.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stoneham M.D., Stamou D., Mason J. Regional anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy. Br J Anaesth. 2015; 114 (3): 372–383. DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu304. PMID: 25173766.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stoneham M.D., Stamou D., Mason J. Regional anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy. Br J Anaesth. 2015; 114 (3): 372–383. DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu304. PMID: 25173766.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ericsson A., Hult C., Kumlien C. Patients' experiences during carotid endarterectomy performed under local anesthesia. J Perianesth Nurs. 2018; 33 (6): 946–955. DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2017.09.011. PMID: 30449443.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ericsson A., Hult C., Kumlien C. Patients' experiences during carotid endarterectomy performed under local anesthesia. J Perianesth Nurs. 2018; 33 (6): 946–955. DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2017.09.011. PMID: 30449443.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Licker M. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2016; 33 (4): 241–243. DOI: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000376. PMID: 26928169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Licker M. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2016; 33 (4): 241–243. DOI: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000376. PMID: 26928169.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szabó P., Mayer M., Horváth-Szalai Z., Tóth K., Márton S., Menyhei G., Sínay L., Molnár T. Awake sedation with propofol attenuates intra-operative stress of carotid endarterectomy in regional anesthesia. Ann Vasc Surg. 2020; 63: 311–318. DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.06.047. PMID: 31563659.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szabó P., Mayer M., HorváthSzalai Z., Tóth K., Márton S., Menyhei G., Sínay L., Molnár T. Awake sedation with propofol attenuates intra operative stress of carotid endarterectomy in regional anesthesia. Ann Vasc Surg. 2020; 63: 311–318. DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.06.047. PMID: 31563659.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gough M.J. The GALA Trial — a summary of the findings. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2008; 36 (5): 505–506. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2008.09.001. PMID: 18815058.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gough M.J. The GALA Trial — a summary of the ﬁndings. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2008; 36 (5): 505–506. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2008.09.001. PMID: 18815058.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гусев Е. И., Коновалов А. Н., Гехт А. Б. Неврология. Национальное руководство. Краткое издание. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2018: 688. ISBN 978-5-9704-4405-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gusev E.I., Konovalov A.N., Geht A.B. Neu rology. National manual. Compendium. M.: GEOTARMedia; 2018: 688. ISBN ISBN 978-5-9704-4405-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Powers W.J., Rabinstein A.A., Ackerson T., Adeoye O.M., Bambakidis N.C., Becker K., Biller J., Brown M., Demaerschalk B.M., Hoh B., Jauch E.C., Kidwell C.S., Leslie-Mazwi T.M., Ovbiagele B., Scott P.A., Sheth K.N., Southerland A.M., Summers D.V., Tirschwell D.L. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019; 50 (12): e344e418. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000211. PMID: 31662037.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Powers W.J., Rabinstein A.A., Ackerson T., Adeoye O.M., Bambakidis N.C., Becker K., Biller J., Brown M., Demaerschalk B.M., Hoh B., Jauch E.C., Kidwell C.S., LeslieMazwi T.M., Ovbiagele B., Scott P.A., Sheth K.N., Southerland A.M., Summers D.V., Tirschwell D.L. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019; 50 (12): e344e418. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000211. PMID: 31662037.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adams Jr. H.P., Bendixen B.H., Kappelle L. J., Biller J., Love B.B., Gordon D.L., Marsh E.E. 3rd. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment Stroke. 1993: 24 (1); 35–41. DOI: 10.1161/01.str.24.1.35. PMID: 7678184.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adams Jr. H.P., Bendixen B.H., Kappelle L. J., Biller J., Love B.B., Gordon D.L., Marsh E.E. 3rd. Classiﬁcation of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Deﬁnitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment Stroke. 1993: 24 (1); 35–41. DOI: 10.1161/01.str.24.1.35. PMID: 7678184.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rössel T., Uhlig C., Pietsch J., Ludwig S., Koch T., Richter T., Spieth P.M., Kersting S. Effects of regional anesthesia techniques on local anesthetic plasma levels and complications in carotid surgery: a randomized controlled pilot trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2019; 19 (1): 218. DOI: 10.1186/s12871-019-0890-8. PMID: 31771512.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rössel T., Uhlig C., Pietsch J., Ludwig S., Koch T., Richter T., Spieth P.M., Kersting S. Eﬀects of regional anesthesia techniques on local anesthetic plasma levels and complications in carotid surgery: a randomized controlled pilot trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2019; 19 (1): 218. DOI: 10.1186/s12871-019-0890-8. PMID: 31771512.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeidan A., Hayek F. Nerve stimulator-guided cervical plexus block for carotid endarterectomy. Anaesthesia. 2007; 62 (3): 299–300. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05017.x. PMID: 17300326.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeidan A., Hayek F. Nerve stimulatorguided cervical plexus block for carotid endarterectomy. Anaesthesia. 2007; 62 (3): 299–300. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05017.x. PMID: 17300326.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chongruksut W., Vaniyapong T., Rerkasem K. Routine or selective carotid artery shunting for carotid endarterectomy (and different methods of monitoring in selective shunting). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014; 6: CD000190. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000190.pub3. PMID: 24956204.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chongruksut W., Vaniyapong T., Rerkasem K. Routine or selective carotid artery shunting for carotid endarterectomy (and diﬀerent methods of monitoring in selective shunting). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014; 6: CD000190. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000190.pub3. PMID: 24956204.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guay J. Regional anesthesia for carotid surgery. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2008; 21 (5): 638–644. DOI: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e328308bb70. PMID: 18784492.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guay J. Regional anesthesia for carotid surgery. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2008; 21 (5): 638–644. DOI: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e328308bb70. PMID: 18784492.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pasin L., Nardelli P., Landoni G., Cornero G., Magrin S., Tshomba Y., Chiesa R., Zangrillo A. Examination of regional anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg. 2015; 62 (3): 631–634.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.03.074. PMID: 26141693.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pasin L., Nardelli P., Landoni G., Cornero G., Magrin S., Tshomba Y., Chiesa R., Zangrillo A. Examination of regional anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg. 2015; 62 (3): 631–634.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.03.074. PMID: 26141693.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forssell C., Takolander R., Bergqvist D., Johansson A., Persson N.H. Local versus general anaesthesia in carotid surgery. A prospective, randomised study. Eur J Vasc Surg. 1989; 3 (6): 503–509. DOI: 10.1016/s0950-821x(89)80124-0. PMID: 2696648.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forssell C., Takolander R., Bergqvist D., Johansson A., Persson N.H. Local versus general anaesthesia in carotid surgery. A prospective, randomised study. Eur J Vasc Surg. 1989; 3 (6): 503–509. DOI: 10.1016/s0950-821x(89)80124-0. PMID: 2696648.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rocha-Neves J.M., Pereira-Macedo J., Dias-Neto M.F., Andrade J.P., Mansilha A.A. Benefit of selective shunt use during carotid en darterectomy under regional anesthesia. Vascular. 2020; 28 (5): 505–512. DOI: 10.1177/1708538120922098. PMID: 32356684.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">RochaNeves J.M., PereiraMacedo J., DiasNeto M.F., Andrade J.P., Mansilha A.A. Beneﬁt of selective shunt use during carotid en darterectomy under regional anesthesia. Vascular. 2020; 28 (5): 505–512. DOI: 10.1177/1708538120922098. PMID: 32356684.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sbarigia E., Dario-Vizza C., Antonini M., Speziale F., Maritti M., Fiorani B., Fedele F., Fiorani P. Locoregional versus general anesthesia in carotid surgery: is there an impact on perioperative myocardial ischemia? Results of a prospective monocentric randomized trial. J Vasc Surg. 1999; 30 (1): 131–138. DOI: 10.1016/s0741-5214(99)70185-0. PMID: 10394163.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sbarigia E., DarioVizza C., Antonini M., Speziale F., Maritti M., Fiorani B., Fedele F., Fiorani P. Locoregional versus general anesthesia in carotid surgery: is there an impact on perioperative myocardial ischemia? Results of a prospective monocentric randomized trial. J Vasc Surg. 1999; 30 (1): 131–138. DOI: 10.1016/s0741-5214(99)70185-0. PMID: 10394163.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Закиржанов Н.Р., Комаров Р.Н., Халилов И.Г., Баязова Н.И., Евсеева В.В. Сравнительный анализ безопасности выполнения каротидной эндартерэктомии в острейший и острый периоды ишемического инсульта. Ангиология и сосудистая хирургия. 2021; 27 (1): 97–106. DOI: 10.33529/ANGIO2021103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakirzhanov N.R., Komarov R.N., Khalilov I.G., Baiazova N.I., Evseeva V.V. Comparative analysis of safety of carotid endarterectomy performed in the acutest and acute periods of ischemic stroke. Angiology and vascular surgery/ Angiol Sosud Khir. 2021; 27 (1): 97–106. (in Russ.). DOI: 10.33529/ANGIO2021103. PMID: 33825735.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orlický M., Hrbáč T., Sameš M., Vachata P., Hejčl A., Otáhal D., Havelka J., Netuka D., Herzig R., Langová K., Školoudík D. Anesthesia type determines risk of cerebral infarction after carotid endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg. 2019; 70 (1): 138–147. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.10.066. PMID: 30792052.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orlický M., Hrbáč T., Sameš M., Vachata P., Hejčl A., Otáhal D., Havelka J., Netuka D., Herzig R., Langová K., Školoudík D. Anesthesia type determines risk of cerebral infarction after carotid endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg. 2019; 70 (1): 138–147. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.10.066. PMID: 30792052.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davies M.J., Silbert B.S., Scott D.A., Cook R.J., Mooney P.H., Blyth C. Superficial and deep cervical plexus block for carotid artery surgery: a prospective study of 1000 blocks. Reg Anesth. 1997; 22 (5): 442–446. DOI: 10.1016/s1098-7339(97)80031-4. PMID: 9338906.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davies M.J., Silbert B.S., Scott D.A., Cook R.J., Mooney P.H., Blyth C. Superﬁcial and deep cervical plexus block for carotid artery surgery: a prospective study of 1000 blocks. Reg Anesth. 1997; 22 (5): 442–446. DOI: 10.1016/s1098-7339(97)80031-4. PMID: 9338906.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grieff A.N., Dombrovskiy V., Beckerman W., Ventarola D., Truong H., Huntress L., Rahimi S. Anesthesia type is associated with decreased cranial nerve injury in carotid endarterectomy. Ann Vasc Surg. 2021; 70: 318–325. DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.12.033. PMID: 31917229.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grieﬀ A.N., Dombrovskiy V., Beckerman W., Ventarola D., Truong H., Huntress L., Rahimi S. Anesthesia type is associated with decreased cranial nerve injury in carotid endarterectomy. Ann Vasc Surg. 2021; 70: 318–325. DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.12.033. PMID: 31917229.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Batra A.P.S., Mahajan A., Gupta K. Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve: an anatomical study. Indian J Plast Surg. 2010; 43 (1): 6064. DOI: 10.4103/09700-358.63968. PMID: 20924452.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Batra A.P.S., Mahajan A., Gupta K. Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve: an anatomical study. Indian J Plast Surg. 2010; 43 (1): 6064. DOI: 10.4103/0970-0358.63968. PMID: 20924452.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grobben R.B., Vrijenhoek J.E.P., Nathoe H.M., Den Ruijter H.M., van Waes J.A.R., Peelen L.M., van Klei W.A., de Borst G.J. Clinical relevance of cardiac troponin assessment in patients undergoing carotid en darterectomy. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2016; 51 (4): 473–480. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.09.023. PMID: 26553374.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grobben R.B., Vrijenhoek J.E.P., Nathoe H.M., Den Ruijter H.M., van Waes J.A.R., Peelen L.M., van Klei W.A., de Borst G.J. Clinical relevance of cardiac troponin assessment in patients undergoing carotid en darterectomy. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2016; 51 (4): 473–480. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.09.023. PMID: 26553374.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pereira-Macedo J., Rocha-Neves J.P., Dias-Neto M.F., Andrade J.P.V. Prognostic effect of troponin elevation in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy with regional anesthesia — a prospective study. Int J Surg. 2019; 71: 66–71. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.09.015. PMID: 31542388.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">PereiraMacedo J., RochaNeves J.P., DiasNeto M.F., Andrade J.P.V. Prognostic eﬀect of troponin elevation in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy with regional anesthesia — a prospective study. Int J Surg. 2019; 71: 66–71. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.09.015. PMID: 31542388.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harky A., Chan J.S.K., Kot T.K.M., Sanli D., Rahimli R., Belamaric Z., Ng M., Kwan I.Y.Y., Bithas C., Makar R., Chandrasekar R., Dimitri S. General anesthesia versus local anesthesia in carotid endarterectomy: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2020; 34 (1): 219–234. DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.03.029. PMID: 31072705. https://doi.org/10.15360/18139779202261221</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harky A., Chan J.S.K., Kot T.K.M., Sanli D., Rahimli R., Belamaric Z., Ng M., Kwan I.Y.Y., Bithas C., Makar R., Chandrasekar R., Dimitri S. General anesthesia versus local anesthesia in carotid endarterectomy: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2020; 34 (1): 219–234. DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.03.029. PMID: 31072705. https://doi.org/10.15360/18139779202261221</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
