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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2022-5-78-88</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2263</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS &amp; SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Политравма: определение термина и тактики ведения больных (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Polytrauma: Definition of the Problem and Management Strategy (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Проказюк</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokazyuk</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Александрович Проказюк</p><p>Восточно-Казахстанская область, 071400, Семей, ул. Абая Кунанбаева, д. 103</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Prokazyuk</p><p>103 Abay Kunanbaev Str., 071400 Semey, East-Kazakhstan region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prokazyuk.md@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жанаспаев</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhanaspaev</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Восточно-Казахстанская область, 071400, Семей, ул. Абая Кунанбаева, д. 103</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marat A. Zhanaspaev</p><p>103 Abay Kunanbaev Str., 071400 Semey, East-Kazakhstan region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аубакирова</surname><given-names>С. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aubakirova</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Восточно-Казахстанская область, 071400, Семей, ул. Абая Кунанбаева, д. 103</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sabina K. Aubakirova</p><p>103 Abay Kunanbaev Str., 071400 Semey, East-Kazakhstan region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусабеков</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Musabekov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Восточно-Казахстанская область, 071400, Семей, ул. Абая Кунанбаева, д. 103</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arman S. Musabekov</p><p>103 Abay Kunanbaev Str., 071400 Semey, East-Kazakhstan region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тлемисов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tlemisov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Восточно-Казахстанская область, 071400, Семей, ул. Абая Кунанбаева, д. 103</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aidos S. Tlemisov</p><p>103 Abay Kunanbaev Str., 071400 Semey, East-Kazakhstan region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский университет Семей</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Semey Medical University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Проказюк А.А., Жанаспаев М.А., Аубакирова С.К., Мусабеков А.С., Тлемисов А.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Проказюк А.А., Жанаспаев М.А., Аубакирова С.К., Мусабеков А.С., Тлемисов А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Prokazyuk A.A., Zhanaspaev M.A., Aubakirova S.K., Musabekov A.S., Tlemisov A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2263">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2263</self-uri><abstract><p>Политравма сохраняет свою научно-практическую значимость за счет высокого уровня летальности (&gt;20% у лиц молодого и среднего возраста и &gt;45% — у пожилых). Отсутствие единого определения термина «политравма» приводит к затруднениям при систематизации и сравнительном анализе доступных данных. Помимо этого, возникают проблемы выбора тактики ведения больных, которая определяет качество оказываемой медицинской помощи и объем затраченных организацией ресурсов.</p><sec><title>Цель обзора</title><p>Цель обзора. Актуализировать определение термина «политравма» и определить перспективные направления в области диагностики и ведения пациентов с политравмой.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. По данным 93-х отобранных публикаций изучили модальность распределения летальности при травме и основные причины; проанализировали шкалы оценки степени тяжести политравмы и определили их потенциальные проблемы; изучили рекомендации по выбору ортохирургической тактики относительно тяжести состояния больного.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Модальность смертей при травме напрямую зависит от адекватности оценки тяжести состояния и качества организации медицинской помощи. «Берлинское определение» политравмы с дополнительным применением одной из шкал mCGS/PTGS наиболее точно классифицирует политравму на четыре группы тяжести. Для «стабильных» больных применение первичного окончательного остеосинтеза с внутренней фиксацией (ETC) является «золотым стандартом» лечения. Для групп «пограничных» и «нестабильных» не определено однозначной верной тактики. В свою очередь у «критических» больных рекомендуется первоочередная стабилизация общего состояния с последующей отсроченной основной операцией (DCO), которая увеличивает выживаемость.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Возможным решением проблемы определения тактики ведения для сомнительных групп является использование искусственного интеллекта и машинного обучения, которые уже применимы для более узких проблем (прогнозирование летальности и развития некоторых частых осложнений относительно исходного состояния). Использование системы поддержки принятия клинических решений на основе унифицированного регистра больных позволит повысить качество оказываемой помощи при политравме даже специалистами с малым опытом работы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Polytrauma is a highly relevant problem from both scientific and clinical perspectives due to its high mortality rate (&gt;20% in young and middle-aged individuals and &gt;45% in the elderly). The lack of consensus in the definition of polytrauma complicates data collection and comparison of available datasets. In addition, selection of the most appropriate management strategy determining the quality of medical care and magnitude of invested resources can be challenging.</p><sec><title>Aim of the review</title><p>Aim of the review. To revisit the current definition of polytrauma and define the perspective directions for the diagnosis and management of patients with polytrauma.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Based on the data of 93 selected publications, we studied the mortality trends in the trauma and main causes of lethal outcomes, analyzed the polytrauma severity scales and determined their potential flaws, examined the guidelines for choosing the orthosurgical strategy according to the severity of the patient’s condition.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The pattern of mortality trends in trauma directly depends on the adequacy of severity assessment and the quality of medical care. The Berlin definition of polytrauma in combination with a mCGS/PTGS scale most accurately classifies polytrauma into four severity groups. For the «stable» patients, the use of primary definitive osteosynthesis with internal fixation (early total care, or ETC) is the gold standard of treatment. For the «borderline» and «unstable» groups, no definitive unified strategy has been adopted. Meanwhile, in «critical» patients, priority is given to general stabilization followed by delayed major surgery (damage control orthopaedics, or DCO), which increases survival.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The use of artificial intelligence and machine learning, which have been employed for more specific goals (predicting mortality and several common complications), seems reasonable for planning the management strategy in the «controversial» groups. The use of a clinical decision support system based on a unified patient registry could improve the quality of care for polytrauma, even by less experienced physicians.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>политравма</kwd><kwd>берлинское определение политравмы</kwd><kwd>ортохирургическая тактика</kwd><kwd>регистр травмы</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>polytrauma</kwd><kwd>Berlin definition of polytrauma</kwd><kwd>orthosurgical strategy</kwd><kwd>trauma registry</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данная работа выполнена в рамках грантового финансирования молодых ученых по научным и (или) научно-техническим проектам на 2022–2024 гг. ИРН AP13067824 «Разработка и оптимизация методов диагностики и хирургической реабилитации травм с применением искусственного интеллекта и робототехники» Министерства науки и высшего образования Республики Казахстан</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was funded by the grant program for scientific and/or technical projects carried out by young scientists (2022–2024) «Development and optimization of diagnosis and surgical rehabilitation of trauma patients using artificial intelligence and robotics» of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pfeifer R., Teuben M., Andruszkow H., Barkatali B. M., Pape H. C. Mortality patterns in patients with multiple trauma: A systematic review of autopsy studies. PLoS ONE. 2016; 11 (2): e0148844. 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