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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2023-2-2297</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2297</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИКУЮЩЕМУ ВРАЧУ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOR PRACTIONER</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методика фМРТ анализа двигательной функциональной системы у пациентов после тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methodical Approach to fMRI Assessment of Motor Connectome in Patients After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1345-5237</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Штерн</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stern</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Штерн Марина Викторовна - заведующий отделением неврологии нейрореабилитации ФНКЦ РР.</p><p>107031, Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2; 117485, Москва, ул. Бутлерова, д. 54</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Stern.</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow; 54 Butlerova Str., Moscow 117485</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mstern@fnkcrr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4994-4187</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шарова Елена Васильевна.</p><p>117485, Москва, ул. Бутлерова, д. 54</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Sharova,</p><p>54 Butlerova Str., Moscow 117485</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Esharova@nsi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-7455</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жаворонкова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhavoronkova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жаворонкова Людмила Алексеенва.</p><p>117485, Москва, ул. Бутлерова, д. 54</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila A. Zhavoronkova.</p><p>54 Butlerova Str., Moscow 117485</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">LZhavor@Hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-4912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгих</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgikh</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долгих Владимир Терентьевич.</p><p>107031, Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir T. Dolgikh.</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prof_dolgih@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-0118</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузовлев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzovlev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузовлев Артем Николаевич.</p><p>107031, Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem N. Kuzovlev.</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artem_kuzovlev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0326-7942</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пронин</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pronin</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пронин Игорь Николаевич.</p><p>125047, Москва, ул. 4-я Тверская-Ямская, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor N. Pronin.</p><p>16 Tverskaya-Yamskaya 4th Str., 125047 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ipronin@nsi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научно-клинический центр реаниматологии и реабилитологии; Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology; Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научно-клинический центр реаниматологии и реабилитологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный Медицинский Исследовательский Центр нейрохирургии им. Н.Н. Бурденко Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Штерн М.В., Шарова Е.В., Жаворонкова Л.А., Долгих В.Т., Кузовлев А.Н., Пронин И.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Штерн М.В., Шарова Е.В., Жаворонкова Л.А., Долгих В.Т., Кузовлев А.Н., Пронин И.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stern M.V., Sharova E.V., Zhavoronkova L.A., Dolgikh V.T., Kuzovlev A.N., Pronin I.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2297">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2297</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования — выявить изменения структуры двигательной функциональной системы в норме и у пациентов при разной степени гемипареза после тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы (ЧМТ).</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование включили 52 человека (29 пациентов в возрасте от 18 до 35 лет, перенесших ЧМТ, и 23 здоровых испытуемых в возрасте от 20 до 32 лет). Проводили комплексное клиническое и нейровизуализационное исследование. Нарушение движений исследовали по пятибалльной шкале оценки мышечной силы. Данные фМРТ обрабатывали с помощью специализированного пакета программ CONN. Создавали «маску» двигательной функциональной системы по заданным зонам интереса (regions of interest, ROI) в объеме головного мозга. Затем вычисляли групповые показатели коннективности (статистическая значимость связи).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установили, что при самостоятельном движении правой (ведущей) рукой у здоровых людей структура связей определяется формированием фокуса корковых и подкорковых зонах интереса контралатерального движению полушария. При пассивном движении правой рукой в дополнение к активированным областям функционально активным становится бледный шар. По мере нарастания пареза при активном движении появлялась активность структур стриопаллидарной системы с двух сторон, появлялась связанность дополнительной моторной коры и моторной коры ипсилатерального полушария. При пассивном движении определяли фокус двигательной активности в моторной коре и скорлупе, что позволяет применять пассивную пробу у пациентов с грубыми двигательными нарушениями или без сознания для полноценной оценки всей двигательной функциональной системы головного мозга.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. По мере нарастания гемипареза у пациентов после тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы отметили уменьшение общего количества связанностей; при этом включались более древние структуры в виде активизации бледного шара с двух сторон, что отражает нейропластические процессы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study. To identify alterations of motor connectome in patients with varying degrees of hemi-paresis after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) versus healthy volunteers.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 29 patients with TBI aged 18 to 35 years and 23 healthy volunteers aged 20 to 32 years. Participants underwent a comprehensive clinical and neuroimaging study. Motor impairment was evaluated via muscle strength assessment using a five-score scale. The fMRI data were processed using a dedicated CONN software package. Anatomical 3-D connection masks of the whole brain motor functional system in the predetermined regions of interest (ROIs) were used for the assessment. Then the group indicators of functional connectivity (statistical significance of the connection) were computed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was established that the structure of connections in healthy individuals performing active movement with the right (leading) hand is determined by formation of focus in the cortical and subcortical ROIs in the contralateral hemisphere. With passive movement of the right hand the pale ball becomes functionally active in addition to the activated areas. The striopallidar system structures became active on both sides, and connectivity with the additional motor cortex and the motor cortex of the ipsilateral hemisphere emerged as the paresis increased during active movement. The focus of motor activity during passive movement was determined in the motor cortex and putamen, which makes it possible to use a passive test in patients with gross motor disorders or unconsciousness for a full assessment of the entire structural and functional brain connectome.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. As hemiparesis increased in patients after severe traumatic brain injury, a decrease in the total number of connection appeared; simultaneous engagement of ancient primordial structures, such as bilateral activation of pale globes, demonstrated neuroplasticity.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>черепно-мозговая травма</kwd><kwd>хроническое критическое состояние</kwd><kwd>патогенез нарушений функциональной двигательной системы</kwd><kwd>нейропластичность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>traumatic brain injury</kwd><kwd>chronic critical illness</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis of motor connectome impairment</kwd><kwd>neuroplasticity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лихтерман Л.Б., Кравчук А.Д., Охлопков В.А. Учение о последствиях черепно-мозговой травмы Часть I. 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