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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2023-2-2273</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2330</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИКУЮЩЕМУ ВРАЧУ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOR PRACTIONER</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тоническое открывание глаз, связанное с паттерном «вспышка-подавление», у пациентов с острым аноксическим повреждением головного мозга (клинические наблюдения)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tonic Eye-Opening Associated with the «Burst-Suppression» Pattern in Patients with Acute Anoxic Brain Injury (Case Series)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5026-0060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синкин</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinkin</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синкин Михаил Владимирович.</p><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, стр. 1; 127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail V. Sinkin.</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Bldg. 1, 129090 Moscow; 20 Delegatskaya Str., Build 1, 127473 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mvsinkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брутян</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Broutian</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, д. 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Amayak G. Broutian.</p><p>80 Volokolamskoe Highway,125367 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селиверстова</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seliverstova</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina G. Seliverstova.</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Bldg. 1, 129090 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салимов</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salimov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129327, Москва, ул. Ленская, д. 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill A. Salimov.</p><p>15 Lenskaya Str., 129327 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117513, Москва, Обручевский р-н, ул. Островитянова, д. 1 стр. 10; 420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Baranova.</p><p>10 Ostrovityanova Str., 1 bldg, 117513 Moscow, Obruchevsky district; 36 Butlerova Str., 420012 Kazan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попугаев</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popugaev</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129090, Москва, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, стр. 1; 123182, Москва, ул. Живописная, д. 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin A. Popugaev.</p><p>3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Bldg. 1, 129090 Moscow; 46 Zhivopisnaya Str., 123182 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы; Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, Moscow Department of Health; A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of medicine and dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный центр неврологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Center for Neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, Moscow Department of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница им. А.К. Ерамишанцева Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Eramishantsev City Clinical Hospital, Moscow City Health Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Казанская государственная медицинская академия, филиал Российской медицинской академия непрерывного профессионального образования Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Center for Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia; Kazan State Medical Academy, branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Post-Graduate Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы; Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, Moscow Department of Health; A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Синкин М.В., Брутян А.Г., Селиверстова Е.Г., Салимов К.А., Баранова Е.А., Попугаев К.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Синкин М.В., Брутян А.Г., Селиверстова Е.Г., Салимов К.А., Баранова Е.А., Попугаев К.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sinkin M.V., Broutian A.G., Seliverstova E.G., Salimov K.A., Baranova E.A., Popugaev K.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2330">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2330</self-uri><abstract><p>Массивное аноксическое поражение головного мозга в результате остановки сердечной деятельности приводит к угнетению бодрствования до комы, прогнозирование исходов которой основано на анализе клинической картины и результатов инструментальных исследований. Признаком неблагоприятного прогноза считают непроизвольную двигательную активность, которая чаще всего представлена миоклониями, которые в случае их кортикального происхождения сопровождаются эпилептиформной активностью на электроэнцефалограмме.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Представили серию клинических наблюдений и обзор литературы, посвященный крайне редкому фатальному симптому — неритмичному спонтанному открыванию глаз в сочетании с паттерном «вспышка-подавление» (ПВП) на электроэнцефалограмме. Все пациенты перенесли эпизод острой гипотонии, нарушений сердечной деятельности, в 3 случаях потребовавшей проведения сердечно-легочной реанимации (СЛР). Анализ публикаций позволил найти лишь 11 статей с описанием постаноксического тонического открывания глаз (ПАТОГ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У всех больных феномен ПАТОГ с ПВП наблюдали менее суток, после чего происходило прекращение биоэлектрической активности головного мозга. Лишь у двух пациентов наблюдали изолированное открывание и закрывание глаз, а у остальных отметили миоклонии аксиальной мускулатуры и мышц конечностей после СЛР до появления ПАТОГ. В одном случае за поднятием век следовал клонический поворот головы вправо, а вспышка в ПВП была продленной и имела элементы спайковидной морфологии. Трем пациентам когорты проводили противоэпилептическую и седативную терапию, однако летальный исход наступил в диапазоне от 3 до 43 дней у всех пациентов серии. Впервые провели визуальную суперпозицию вспышек на ЭЭГ и на миограмме m. orbicularis oculus, показавшую полную идентичность как активности мозга, так и активности мышц. Наблюдения и анализ литературы подтвердили, что вне зависимости от выбора препаратов для интенсивной терапии у пациентов с ПАТОГ развивается летальный исход.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Клинико-электрографический феномен ПАТОГ с ПВП всегда указывает на неблагоприятный прогноз выживания. Происхождение ПАТОГ остается предметом дискуссии. Предполагаем, что он вызван растормаживанием субкортикальных и стволовых структур на фоне тотальной гибели нейронов мозговой коры.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Massive anoxic brain injury caused by cardiac arrest leads to wakefulness suppression up to coma. The prediction of outcome is based on the analysis of the clinical features and the results of instrumental tests. One of the well-known signs of an unfavorable prognosis is involuntary motor activity, which is most commonly represented by myoclonus. In case of their cortical origin, they are accompanied by epileptiform activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG).</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. We present a case series and literature review concerning a very rare fatal sign, non-rhythmic spontaneous eye opening accompanied by a «burst-suppression» pattern (BS) in the EEG. All patients suffered from transient acute hypotension or arrhythmia that required cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in three cases. A literature search found only 11 publications describing post-anoxic tonic eye-opening (PATEO).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The PATEO with BS was observed for less than a day followed by cessation of brain bioelectric activity in all patients. Only two patients exhibited isolated eye-opening and closing, while the rest had axial and limbs myoclonus just after CPR. In one case, eyelid opening was followed by a clonic movement of the head to the right, the EEG bursts were prolonged and had spike-like morphology. Three patients received antiepileptic and sedative therapy. All patients died in 3-43 days after the fatal cardiovascular event.</p><p>Visual superposition of bursts in EEG and myogram of m. orbicularis oculi demonstrating identical morphology for EEG and myographic bursts was described for the first time. Our cases and literature review confirm that, regardless of the intensive treatment, patients with PATEO have fatal outcomes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The clinical and electrographic PATEO with BS phenomenon always indicates a lethal prognosis. The origin of PATEO is still under discussion. We suggest that it could be caused by disinhibition of subcortical and stem structures during extensive death of cerebral cortical neurons.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ЭЭГ</kwd><kwd>вспышка-подавление</kwd><kwd>миоклонус</kwd><kwd>аноксия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>EEG</kwd><kwd>burst-supression</kwd><kwd>myoclonus</kwd><kwd>anoxia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гельфанд Б.Р., Заболотских И.Б. (ред.). Интенсивная терапия. Национальное руководство: краткое издание. 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. 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