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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2023-5-2344</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2368</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИКУЮЩЕМУ ВРАЧУ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOR PRACTIONER</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Спирометрические и структурно-функциональные изменения работы  аппарата внешнего дыхания у пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological and Functional Alterations   of Respiratory Muscle Performance and Spirometry Parameters in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабаев</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabaev</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виталий Сергеевич Шабаев</p><p>197341, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shabaev Vitaliy Sergeevich</p><p>2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shabaev_vitaliy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оразмагомедова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orazmagomedova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197341, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазурок</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazurok</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197341, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Березина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197341, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баутин</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bautin</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197341, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197341, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александрова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksandrova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197341, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В. А. Алмазова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шабаев В.С., Оразмагомедова И.В., Мазурок В.А., Березина А.В., Баутин А.Е., Васильева Л.Г., Александрова Д.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шабаев В.С., Оразмагомедова И.В., Мазурок В.А., Березина А.В., Баутин А.Е., Васильева Л.Г., Александрова Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shabaev V.S., Orazmagomedova I.V., Mazurok V.A., Berezina A.V., Bautin A.E., Vasilyeva L.G., Aleksandrova D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2368">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2368</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Выявить структурно-функциональные изменения аппарата внешнего дыхания у пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Провели проспективное обсервационное исследование на базе Национального медицинского исследовательского центра им. В. А. Алмазова у 118 испытуемых: 49 пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью (ХСН) и 69 — здоровых людей (контрольная группа). Критериями включения пациентов в группу c ХСН служило наличие ХСН II–IV функционального класса по NYHA. Критериями исключения — заболеваний органов системы дыхания, морбидного ожирения, заболеваний органов брюшной полости, анемии. </p><p>Структурное (толщину) и функциональное (индекс утолщения и экскурсию) состояние диафрагмы во время спокойного и глубокого вдоха/выдоха оценивали с помощью ультразвукового аппарата, параметры функции внешнего дыхания — с помощью аппарата искусственной вентиляции при самостоятельном дыхании через маску.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Пациенты с ХСН были старше 59,0 лет (53,0; 70,0) против 25,0 (24,0; 26,0) в контрольной группе, р=0,000001, имели большую массу тела — 82,0 (73,0; 95,0) против 68,5 (55,0; 84,0) кг, р=0,000005 и индекс массы тела 28,4 (24,3; 31,3) против 21,8 (19,9; 24,0) кг/м², р=0,000001, но не различались в росте 173,0 (166,0; 179,0) против 170,0 (165,0; 183,0) см, р=0,97. </p><p>У пациентов с ХСН выявили меньший максимальный объем вдоха — 3000,0 (2300,0; 4000,0) против 3684,1 (3392,5; 4310,8) мл, р=0,0006 и генерируемое дыхательными мышцами отрицательное давление — «силу вдоха»: 43,1 (–56,7; –33,0) против 53,5 (–58,8; –50,9) мБар, р=0,000082, соответственно. Диафрагма у пациентов с ХСН была значимо толще (мм) при спокойном и глубоком дыхании по сравнению со здоровыми испытуемыми: толщина на высоте спокойного вдоха составила справа 3,0 (2,2; 3,6)/1,9 (1,5; 2,2), р0,001; слева 3,0 (2,4; 3,5)/1,7 (1,4; 2,0), р=0,000001; толщина в конце спокойного выдоха справа — 2,2 (1,8; 2,9)/1,5 (1,2; 1,7), р=0,000001; слева — 2,0 (1,7; 2,5)/1,4 (1,2; 1,5), р=0,000001; толщина на высоте глубокого вдоха справа — 5,1 (4,4; 6,1)/4,4 (3,6; 5,1), р=0,0005, слева 4,9 (4,2; 6,2)/3,7 (3,1; 4,8) p=0,000007, соответственно. Индекс утолщения при глубоком дыхании был меньше в исследуемой группе, чем в контрольной: справа 131,1 (82,5; 181,8) против 190,9 (150,0; 240,0), р=0,000004; слева 148,8 (112,5; 190,3) против 175,2 (130,7; 227,7), р=0,03, соответственно. Экскурсия в покое была более выражена у пациентов с ХСН, чем у здоровых: справа 2,3 (1,6; 2,8) против 1,7 (1,5; 1,9), 0,0001; слева 1,8 (1,5; 2,2) против 1,5 (1,3; 1,9), p=0,03, соответственно.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность вносит вклад в развитие структурно-функциональных нарушений диафрагмы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The purpose of the study</title><p>The purpose of the study. To identify structural changes and functional modifications in respiratory muscle performance in patients with congestive heart failure.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We conducted prospective observational study at the V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center involving 118 subjects: 49 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF-group) and 69 healthy people (control group). NYHA functional classes of II to IV were taken as inclusion criteria in the CHF group, and respiratory diseases, abdominal pathology, morbid obesity, and anemia — as exclusion criteria. </p><p>Ultrasound imaging was used to assess the structural (thickness) and functional (thickening and excursion indices) diaphragmatic impairments during quiet (resting) and deep breathing. Facemask spirometry was used to assess pulmonary function. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Patients with CHF were on average older than 59.0 years (53.0; 70.0) vs. 25.0 years (24.0; 26.0) in the control group, P=0.000001, had excessive body weight — 82.0 (73.0; 95.0) vs. 68.5 (55.0; 84.0) kg, P=0.000005 and higher body mass index — 28.4 (24.3; 31.3) vs 21.8 (19.9; 24.0) kg/m2, P=0.000001, but did not differ in height 173.0 (166.0; 179.0) vs. 170.0 (165.0; 183.0) cm, 0.97.</p><p>Lower maximum inspiratory volume (MIV): 3000.0 (2300.0; 4000.0) vs. 3684.1 (3392.5; 4310.8) ml, P=0.0006, and negative inspiratory force (NIF) measured as max negative pressure generated by the respiratory muscles: 43.1 (–56.7; –33.0) vs. 53.5 (–58.8; –50.9) mBar, P=0.000082, respectively were found in patients with CHF. The diaphragm was significantly thicker (mm) in patients with CHF during quiet (eupnea) and deep breathing compared to healthy subjects. The thickness at the end of quiet inspiration was 3.0 (2.2; 3.6)/1.9 (1.5; 2.2) in the right hemi-diaphragm, P&lt;0.001; and 3.0 (2.4; 3.5)/1.7 (1.4; 2.0) — in the left, P=0.000001; thickness at the end of quite expiration — 2.2 (1.8; 2.9)/1.5 (1.2; 1.7) in the right dome, P=0.000001; and 2.0 (1.7; 2.5)/1.4 (1.2; 1.5) — in the left, P=0.000001. Thickness at the end of deep inspiration was 5.1 (4.4; 6.1)/4.4 (3.6; 5.1) in the right dome, P=0.0005, and 4.9 (4.2; 6.2)/ 3.7 (3.1; 4.8) — in the left, P=0.000007.The diaphragm thickening index during deep breathing was lower in the CHF group than in the control group: 131.1 (82.5; 181.8) vs. 190.9 (150.0; 240.0) in the right dome, P=0.000004; and 148.8 (112.5; 190.3) vs. 175.2 (130.7; 227.7) — in the left, P=0.03, respectively.</p><p>Diaphragmatic excursions during quiet breathing were larger in patients with CHF than in healthy controls: 2.3 (1.6; 2.8)/1.7 (1.5; 1.9), P=0.0001 and 1.8 (1.5; 2.2)/1.5 (1.3; 1.9), P=0.03 of the right and left domes, respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Congestive heart failure contributes to the development of structural and functional impairments of the diaphragm.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая  сердечная  недостаточность</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование  диафрагмы</kwd><kwd>диафрагма</kwd><kwd>функция  внешнего  дыхания</kwd><kwd>функция диафрагмы</kwd><kwd>диафрагмальная дисфункция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>congestive heart failure</kwd><kwd>ultrasound examination of the diaphragm</kwd><kwd>diaphragm</kwd><kwd>external respiration</kwd><kwd>diaphragm function</kwd><kwd>diaphragmatic dysfunction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Швайко С.Н. Клиническое значение диагностики дисфункции респираторной мускулатуры у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких и хронической сердечной недостаточностью. 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