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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2023-5-2337</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2369</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика гистологических изменений в легких при отравлении баклофеном и его комбинацией с этанолом (экспериментальное исследование)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Overtime Histological Changes in the Lungs after Intoxication with Baclofen Alone or in Combination with Ethanol (Experimental Study)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романова</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanova</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p><p>117418, г. Москва, ул. Цюрупы, д. 3.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga L. Romanova</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maсlaya Str., 117198 Moscow</p><p>3 Tsyurupa Str., 107031 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgpharm@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Благонравов</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blagonravov</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Miklukho-Maсlaya Str., 117198 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джуваляков</surname><given-names>П. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhuvalyakov</surname><given-names>P. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p><p>117418, г. Москва, ул. Цюрупы, д. 3.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Miklukho-Maсlaya Str., 117198 Moscow</p><p>3 Tsyurupa Str., 107031 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торшин</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Torshin</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Miklukho-Maсlaya Str., 117198 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ершов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ershov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баринов</surname><given-names>Е. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barinov</surname><given-names>E. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6 Miklukho-Maсlaya Str., 117198 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы; НИИ морфологии человека им. акад. А.П. Авцына Российского научного центра хирургии им. акад. Б.В. Петровского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Patrice Lumumba Peoples Friendship University of Russia; Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center for Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Patrice Lumumba Peoples Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В. А. Неговского Федерального научно-клинического центра реаниматологии и реабилитологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Романова О.Л., Благонравов М.Л., Джуваляков П.Г., Торшин В.И., Ершов А.В., Баринов Е.Х., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Романова О.Л., Благонравов М.Л., Джуваляков П.Г., Торшин В.И., Ершов А.В., Баринов Е.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Romanova O.L., Blagonravov M.L., Dzhuvalyakov P.G., Torshin V.I., Ershov A.V., Barinov E.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2369">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2369</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: оценить динамику гистологических изменений в легких при отравлении баклофеном либо сочетанием баклофена с этанолом. </p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Эксперимент провели на 35 крысах-самцах линии Wistar массой 290–350 г. и возрастом 20 недель. Животных распределили на 7 равных групп (n=5), препараты вводили через назогастральный зонд: 1-я, 3-я и 5-я группы — крысы, получавшие баклофен в виде монопрепарата в дозе 85 мг/кг; 2-я, 4-я и 6-я группы — крысы, получавшие баклофен в той же дозе и этанол из расчета 7 мл/кг 40 % об. этанола, контрольная группа — крысы, не получавшие ни баклофена, ни этанола. Животных всех групп выводили из эксперимента путем смещения шейных позвонков под наркозом (хлоролаза) через 3 ч (группы 1, 2), через 4,5 ч (группы 3, 4) и через 24 ч (группы 5, 6 и контрольная). Образцы ткани легких исследовали методом световой микроскопии. Для множественного сравнения между группами использовали непараметричесикй критерий Краскела–Уоллиса, для попарного сравнения — непараметрический критерий Манна–Уитни с учетом поправки Бонферонни. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В легких крыс контрольной группы патологических изменений не отмечали. При изолированном введении баклофена, или его комбинации с этанолом развились расстройства кровообращения (венулярное и капиллярное полнокровие, кровоизлияния в межальвеолярные перегородки (МАП), альвеолы, «сладж»-феномен), эмфизема, ателектазы и дистелектазы, развивался отек. Толщина МАП во всех экспериментальных группах отличалась от контроля. Критерий Краскела–Уоллиса подтвердил наличие отличий: Н=748, р=0,00001. При этом толщина МАП в группе 1 была на 44,2% (р=0,00052) ниже, чем в группе контроля, а в остальных группах — наоборот — выше: в группе 2 — на 57,6% (р=0,000038), в группе 3 — на 99% (р=0,00001), в группе 4 — в 2,2 раза (р=0,00001), в группе 5 — в 2,1 раз (р=0,00001), в группе 6 — в 2,5 раза (р=0,00001). От 3 к 4,5 ч после введения баклофена наблюдали увеличение толщины МАП в 3,6 раз (р=0,00001), а от 4,5 к 24 ч — статистически значимого различия не наблюдали (р=0,99). Через 3 часа после совместного введения баклофена и этанола наблюдали увеличение толщины МАП в 2,8 раз (р=0,00001) по сравнению с изолированным введением баклофена. Толщина МАП через 4,5 ч после введения баклофена и этанола была выше по сравнению с 3-м часом на 41,8% (р=0,00001), а через 24 ч выше, чем через 4,5 ч на 11,8% (р=0,87). Через сутки после введения баклофена и этанола толщина МАП была на 21,7% выше (р=0,0011), чем после введения баклофена как монопрепарата. Диаметр альвеол в группе 1 был на 69,4% больше (р=0,00001) по сравнению с группой контроля, в группе 2 — на 14,3% (р=0,43), в группе 3 — на 55% (р=0,00004), в группе 4 — на 26,3% (р=0,002), в группе 5 (баклофен, 24 ч) — на 45% (р=0,0003), в группе 6 (баклофен и этанол, 24 ч) — на 43,3% (р=0,0004). После совместного введения баклофена и этанола наблюдали незначительный рост диаметра альвеол. Через 3 ч после совместного введения баклофена и этанола диаметр альвеол был на 32,5% ниже (р=0,003), чем после введения баклофена без этанола, через 4,5 ч — на 18,5% (р=0,062), через 24 ч — на 1,2% (р=0,99), то есть различия нивелировались.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Сочетанное воздействие баклофена и этанола вызывало более выраженные изменения в легких по сравнению с отдельным воздействием баклофена. Комплекс патологических изменений в легких достиг наибольшей выраженности к 24 ч, что подтверждено результатами морфометрического исследования. Данные о морфологических изменениях в легких вместе с результатами химического исследования могут быть использованы для диагностики отравлений баклофеном и его сочетанием с этанолом.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the overtime histological changes in the lungs after intoxication with baclofen alone or in combination with ethanol.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on 35 male Wistar rats weighing 290-350 g and aged 20 weeks. The animals were split into 7 equal groups (n=5); test drugs were administered via nasogastric tube: rats from Groups 1, 3 and 5 were treated with baclofen at 85 mg/kg; rats from Groups 2, 4 and 6 received similar dose of baclofen and 40% alcohol by volume at a dose of 7 ml/kg; control group rats were not administered with any drugs. Animals of all groups were removed from the experiment by cervical dislocation under anesthesia (chlorolase) after 3 hours (Groups 1, 2), 4.5 hours (Groups 3, 4) and after 24 hours (Groups 5, 6, and the controls). Lung tissue samples were examined by light microscopy. The nonparametric Kraskel-Wallis test was used for multiple comparisons between the groups, and nonparametric Mann–Whitney test with Bonferroni correction was used for pairwise comparison.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Light microscopy showed no pathological changes in the lungs of the Control group animals. Baclofen alone, or in combination with ethanol caused significant circulatory disorders (venular and capillary fullness, hemorrhages in the interalveolar septa (IAS) and alveoli, sludge phenomenon), emphysema, atelectasis and distelectasis, and pulmonary edema. IAS thickness in rats from all experimental groups was different from that in animals from the Control group, all differences confirmed by the Kruskel-Wallis test: H=748, p=0.00001.</p><p>In Group 1 animals IAS was 44.2% thinner (p=0.00052) vs the control Group, while in all remaining experimental groups it was, on the contrary, thicker: in Group 2 – 57.6% increase in thickness (p=0.000038), in Group 3 – 99 % (p=0.00001), in Group 4 – 2.2-fold increase (p= 0.00001), in Group 5 – 2.1-fold (p= 0.00001), in Group 6 – 2.5-fold increase (p= 0.00001). Most significant increase in IAS thickness (6-fold, p=0.00001) occurred within the period from 3 to 4.5 hours after administration of baclofen, while within the period from 4.5 to 24 hours no statistically significant increase occurred (p=0.99). Co-administration of baclofen and ethanol caused 2.8-fold (p=0.00001) increase in IAS thickness after 3 hours as compared to the effects of baclofen only. IAS thickness at 4.5 hours after baclofen and ethanol co-administration increased by additional 41.8% as compared to thickness at 3 hours (p=0.00001). IAS became 11.8% thicker at 24 hours vs 4.5 hours (p=0.87). At 24 hours IAS was 21.7% (p= 0.0011) thicker after baclofen and ethanol co-administration vs baclofen alone. The alveoli size increased by 69.4% (p=0.00001) in Group 1 animals vs the Control group, by 14.3% (p=0.43) - in Group 2, by 55% (p=0.00004) - in Group 3, by 26.3% (p=0.002) - in Group 4, by 45% (p=0.0003) - in Group 5 (baclofen, 24 h), by 43.3% (p=0.0004) – in Group 6 (baclofen and ethanol, 24 h). Co-administration of baclofen and ethanol initially caused a slight increase in alveoli size, bur 3 hours later there was a visible shrinkage in the diameter of alveoli by 32.5% (p= 0.003) vs baclofen mono, 4.5 hours later – by 18.5% (p= 0.062), and 24 hours later – by 1.2% (p= 0.99), that is, the differences were leveled.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The combined effects of baclofen and ethanol induce more severe alterations in pulmonary tissue compared to baclofen alone. The pathological changes in the lungs reached their maximum by 24 hours, which confirmed by morphometric assessment. Morphological changes in pulmonary tissue alongside with established chemical properties of the two agents can be used to diagnose cases of intoxication either with baclofen alone or in combination with ethanol.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>баклофен</kwd><kwd>этанол</kwd><kwd>легкие</kwd><kwd>гистологические  изменения</kwd><kwd>морфологические изменения</kwd><kwd>отравление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>baclofen</kwd><kwd>ethanol</kwd><kwd>lungs</kwd><kwd>histological changes</kwd><kwd>morphological changes</kwd><kwd>intoxication</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Симонова А.Ю., Ильяшенко К.К., Клычникова Е.В., Евсеев А.К., Поцхверия М.М., Белова М.В., Тазина Е.В., Шабанов А.К., Кузовлев А.Н. Оценка оксидантно-антиоксидантной системы крови у гериатрических пациентов с острыми отравлениями. 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