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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2023-5-2320</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2370</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИКУЮЩЕМУ ВРАЧУ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOR PRACTIONER</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы риска развития и тяжелого течения вентилятор-ассоциированного трахеобронхита у пациентов на пролонгированной искусственной вентиляции легких</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk Factors for the Development and Severe Course of Ventilator-Associated Tracheobronchitis in Patients with Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ибадов</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ibadov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100115, г. Ташкент, р-н Чиланзар, ул. Кичик халка йули, д. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10 Kichik Halka Yuli Str., 100115, Tashkent, Chilanzar district</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сабиров</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sabirov</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100007, г. Ташкент, р-н Мирзо Улугбек, ул. Паркентская, д. 51</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>51 Parkent Str., 100007 Tashkent, Mirzo Ulugbek district</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эшонходжаев</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eshonkhodjaev</surname><given-names>O. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100115, г. Ташкент, р-н Чиланзар, ул. Кичик халка йули, д. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10 Kichik Halka Yuli Str., 100115, Tashkent, Chilanzar district</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ибрагимов</surname><given-names>С. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ibragimov</surname><given-names>S. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сардор Хамдамович Ибрагимов</p><p>100115, г. Ташкент, р-н Чиланзар, ул. Кичик халка йули, д. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sardor Kh. Ibragimov</p><p>10 Kichik Halka Yuli Str., 100115, Tashkent, Chilanzar district</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.sardor.ibragimov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азизова</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Azizova</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100115, г. Ташкент, р-н Чиланзар, ул. Кичик халка йули, д. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10 Kichik Halka Yuli Str., 100115, Tashkent, Chilanzar district</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Угарова</surname><given-names>Т. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ugarova</surname><given-names>T. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100115, г. Ташкент, р-н Чиланзар, ул. Кичик халка йули, д. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10 Kichik Halka Yuli Str., 100115, Tashkent, Chilanzar district</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканский специализированный научно-практический медицинский центр хирургии им. акад. В. Вахидова</institution><country>Узбекистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician V.Vakhidov Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Surgery</institution><country>Uzbekistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр развития профессиональной квалификации медицинских работников</institution><country>Узбекистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for the development of professional qualification of medical workers</institution><country>Uzbekistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ибадов Р.А., Сабиров Д.М., Эшонходжаев О.Д., Ибрагимов С.Х., Азизова Г.М., Угарова Т.Б., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ибадов Р.А., Сабиров Д.М., Эшонходжаев О.Д., Ибрагимов С.Х., Азизова Г.М., Угарова Т.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ibadov R.A., Sabirov D.M., Eshonkhodjaev O.D., Ibragimov S.K., Azizova G.M., Ugarova T.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2370">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2370</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Выявление факторов риска развития и тяжелого течения вентилятор-ассоциированного трахеобронхита (ВАТ) у больных, которые находились на пролонгированной искусственной вентиляции легких (ПИВЛ). </p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Оценили ретроспективно частоту развития ВАТ, провели факторный анализ клинических и демографических характеристик 724 пациентов, находившихся на ПИВЛ (более 48 ч) в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии Республиканского специализированного научно-практического медицинского центра хирургии им. акад. В. Вахидова за период 2018–2022 гг. Средний возраст пациентов составил 52,4±3,3 (от 18 до 81) лет. Диагноз ВАТ устанавливали на основании клинических признаков (температура тела 38°C, лейкоцитоз 12000/мл, или лейкопения 4000/мл, появление гнойных эндотрахеальных выделений или изменение характера мокроты), рентгенологических (отсутствие новых или прогрессирующих инфильтратов) и микробиологических (полиморфноядерные лимфоциты с бактериями или без них, умеренный или выраженный рост колоний потенциально патогенного микроорганизма) критериев. Профилактика ВАТ включала в себя: применение бактериальных фильтров и увлажнение дыхательной смеси; селективную деконтаминацию пищеварительного тракта; регуляцию давления в трахеальной манжетке; санацию полости рта. Лечение ВАТ включало антимикробные препараты внутривенно и/или ингаляционно, бронходилататоры, бронхо- и муколитики.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установили, что частота развития ВАТ с течением времени снизилась с 24,7 до 10,1% (χ²=9,52; р=0,003) при неизменной частоте использования ИВЛ. Частота развития наиболее тяжелого течения ВАТ (геморрагического катарально-гнойного) также постепенно снизилась с 44,7 до 14,3% (χ²=4,53; р=0,034). Продолжительность пребывания пациентов с ВАТ на ИВЛ и в ОРИТ постепенно сократилась с 202,1±6,15 ч до 125,3±7,81 ч (t=7,73; p&lt;0,0001) и с 9,7±0,25 сут до 6,6±0,3 сут (t=7,94; p&lt;0,0001), соответственно. В группе пациентов с ВАТ (n=122) в отличие от больных без ВАТ (n=602) частота встречаемости ХОБЛ, как сопутствующей соматической патологии, была выше — 22,9 и 10,6%, соответственно (р&lt;0,001). Определили, что в развитии тяжелых форм трахеобронхитов ведущую роль чаще играла грамнегативная флора: Acinetobacter spp. — в 24% случаев, Klebsiella pneumoniae — в 11,6%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa — 13,0%, Esherichia coli — 10,6%, а также Staphylococcus aureus — в 5,3%, Enterococcus spp. — в 2,2% и грибы рода Candida — в 17,0%. Выявили ряд предикторов тяжелого течения ВАТ: возраст старше 60 лет (ОШ=2,28; 95% ДИ 1,0–4,9), SAPS II более 40 баллов (ОШ=5,9; 95% ДИ 2,6–13,8), продолжительность ИВЛ более 144 часов (ОШ=5,4; 95% ДИ 1,8–16,7) и наличие злокачественной хирургической патологии (ОШ=2,83; 95% ДИ 1,2–6,9).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Снижение частоты развития ВАТ, сокращение длительности применения механической вентиляции легких и пребывания пациентов в реанимации свидетельствуют об адекватности профилактики и лечения ВАТ в исследуемом периоде. Выявленные факторы, ассоциированные с развитием ВАТ, и предикторы тяжелого течения ВАТ могут стать основой для формирования группы риска.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Identification of risk factors for the development and severe course of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) in patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV).</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. VAT incidence rate in the intensive care unit of Academician V. Vakhidov Republican Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Surgery for the period 2018–2022 was evaluated retrospectively in 724 patients who were on PMV (more than 48 h). Patients’ clinical and demographic characteristics were subjected to factor analysis. Mean age was 52.4±3.3 (18–81) years. VAT was diagnosed based on clinical signs (fever 38°C, leukocytosis 12 000 ctlls/ml, or leukopenia 4 000 cells/ml, purulent endotracheal secretions, or conversion to purulent), radiological (no progression of existing or emergence of new pulmonary infiltrates) and microbiological (polymorphonuclear lymphocytes with or without bacteria, moderate-to active growth of colonies of potentially pathogenic microorganisms) criteria. VAT prophylaxis was based on the use of bacterial filters and humidification of the respiratory gas; selective decontamination of the digestive tract; regulation of pressure in the tracheal cuff; sanitation of the oral cavity. Treatment of VAT included antimicrobial drugs administered i/v and/or inhalational, bronchodilators, expectorants and mucolytics.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. VAT incidence rate decreased over time from 24.7% to 10.1% (χ²=9.52; P=0.003) with invariable practice of ventilator support. The incidence of the most severe VAT (hemorrhagic catarrhal purulent) also gradually decreased from 44.7% to 14.3% (χ²=4.53; P=0.034).The duration of PMV and ICU stay in patients with VAT gradually decreased from 202.1±6.15 h to 125.3±7.81 h (t=7.73; P&lt;0.0001), and from 9.7±0.25 days to 6.6±0.3 days (t=7.94; P&lt;0.0001), respectively. In patients with VAT (N=122), in contrast to patients without VAT (N=602), the incidence of concomitant COPD was higher — 22.9% vs 10.6%, respectively (P&lt;0.001). Gram-negative flora was the leading cause for development of severe tracheobronchitis, including Acinetobacter spp. — in 24% of cases, Klebsiella pneumoniae — in 11.6%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa — in 13.0%, Esherichia coli — 10.6%. Less frequently were isolated Staphylococcus aureus — in 5.3%, Enterococcus spp. — in 2.2% and Candida fungi — in 17.0%. The following predictors of severe VAT were identified: age over 60 years (OR=2.28; 95% CI 1.0–4.9), SAPS II  40 scores (OR=5.9; 95% CI 2.6–13.8), duration of mechanical ventilation 144 h (OR=5.4; 95% CI 1.8–16.7) and the presence of malignant neoplasms (OR=2.83; 95% CI 1.2–6.9). </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Decrease in VAT incidence rates, reduced duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay are indicative of adequate VAT prevention and treatment strategies within the analyzed period. Factors associated with VAT development and predictors of severe VAT can be used for identification of high risk patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пролонгированная искусственная вентиляция легких</kwd><kwd>вентилятор-ассоциированный трахеобронхит</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prolonged mechanical ventilation</kwd><kwd>ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ярошецкий А.И., Резепов Н.А., Мандель И.А., Колоярцева Н.В., Васильева С.О., Непогодин В.С., Валуева Е.А. с соавт. Влияние ингаляции амикацина на эффективность лечения вентилятор-ассоциированной пневмонии и вентилятор-ассоциированного трахеобронхита, вызванных полирезистентной грамотрицательной флорой. Сравнительное исследование. 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