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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2024-1-15-23</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2430</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммунно-клеточная реакция селезенки при COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immune Cell Response of the Spleen in COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перепелица</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perepelitsa</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Александровна Перепелица</p><p>236016, г. Калининград, ул. А. Невского, д. 14,</p><p>10703, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Perepelitsa</p><p>14A Nevskiy Str., 236041 Kaliningrad, </p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Build. 2, Moscow 107031</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sveta_perepeliza@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Балтийский федеральный университет им. Иммануила Канта;&#13;
НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В. А. Неговского Федерального научно-клинического центра реаниматологии и реабилитологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University;&#13;
V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Reanimatology and Reabilitology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Перепелица С.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Перепелица С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Perepelitsa S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2430">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2430</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить морфометрические характеристики и иммунно-клеточную реакцию селезенки у пациентов с COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Провели проспективное обсервационное исследование, в которое включили 70 пациентов. Из них в группу «COVID-19» включили 45 пациентов, поступивших в инфекционный стационар с диагнозом «Коронавирусная инфекция, вызванная вирусом SARS-CoV-2», в группу сравнения «ОРВИ» (острая респираторная вирусная инфекция) — 25 пациентов. Выполняли ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ) селезенки, измеряли линейные размеры: длину, ширину, толщину селезенки, производили расчеты массы и коэффициента массы селезенки (КМС). Оценивали общее количество лейкоцитов, лейкоцитарную формулу, скорость оседания эритроцитов, проводили расчет лейкоцитарного (ЛИ) и нейтрофильно-лимфоцитарного индексов (NLR).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В остром периоде COVID-19 выявили микросплению, средняя величина КМС составила 1,6±0,2. При этом в 17 (37,8%) случаях КМС находился в диапазоне от 1,0 до 1,5, и в 9 (20%) — критическая  микроспления  соответствовала  величине  коэффициента  менее  1,0.  У  пациентов  группы «COVID-19», по сравнению с группой «ОРВИ», было снижено общее количество лейкоцитов (соответственно — 5,4±2,1×109/л и 10,8±4,8×109/л, р&lt;0,00001) и ускорено СОЭ (соответственно — 36,1±13,8 мм/ч и 23,0±5,1 мм/ч, р=0,03). Течение COVID-19 характеризовалось незначительным уменьшением ЛИ с 0,29±0,02 до 0,22±0,01(р=0,19), значимым увеличением NLR с 3,7±0,1 до 4,3±0,12 (р=0,002). У пациентов группы «ОРВИ» исследованные индексы имели противоположные изменения. К 5-м сут лечения в группе «COVID-19» ЛИ был значимо ниже, чем в группе «ОРВИ» (0,22 [0,16; 0,39] против 0,48 [0,29; 0,93], р=0,003), а NLR — значимо выше (4,3 [2,5; 6,1] против 2,1 [0,9; 2,9], р=0,002).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Течение коронавирусной инфекции, вызванной вирусом SARS-CoV-2, характеризуется значительными иммунологическими сдвигами. Одним из патогномоничных признаков является микроспления, которая диагностируется с помощью УЗИ. Этот феномен ассоциирован с быстрым «истощением» селезенки, как вторичного иммунного органа, высоким риском развития острой иммунной недостаточности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To study the morphometric characteristics and splenic immune cell response in patients with COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A prospective observational study included 70 patients. Of these, 45 patients admitted to the infectious diseases hospital with Coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus diagnosis were included in the COVID-19 group, and 25 patients were included in the acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) comparison group. Spleen linear dimensions, including length, width, and thickness were assessed using ultrasound imaging, and calculations of the spleen weight and spleen weight coeﬃcient (SWC) were obtained. Additionally leukocyte count and formula, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were estimated, and the leukocyte index (LI) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were calculated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Microsplenia was common in the acute period of COVID-19 with mean SWC value 1.6±0.2. In 17 (37.8%) patients the SWC varied from 1.0 to 1.5, and in 9 (20%) microsplenia was critical with SWC &lt;1.0. Leukocyte count was lower, and ESR — higher in patients with COVID-19, compared to ARVI group (5.4±2.1×10⁹/l and 10.8±4.8×109/l, respectively P&lt;0.00001, and ESR — 36.1±13.8 mm/h and 23.0±5.1 mm/h, respectively P=0.03). The course of COVID-19 was characterized by a slight decrease in LI — from 0.29±0.02 to 0.22±0.01 (P=0.19), and significant increase in NLR from 3.7±0.1 to 4.3±0.12 (P=0.002). Opposite trends were documented in patients with ARVI. On Day 5 since initiation of treatment LI was significantly lower in the COVID-19 vs ARVI group (0.22 [0.16; 0.39] vs. 0.48 [0.29; 0.93], P=0.003), and NLR was significantly higher (4.3 [2.5; 6.1] vs. 2.1 [0.9; 2.9], P=0.002).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The course of coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is characterized by significant immunological shifts. Microsplenia verified by ultrasonography stays as one of the pathognomonic signs. This phenomenon is explained by rapid «depletion» of the spleen as a secondary immune organ, and is associated with a high risk of developing acute immune deficiency.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>иммунный дистресс</kwd><kwd>маркеры воспаления</kwd><kwd>селезенка</kwd><kwd>дыхательная недостаточность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID–19</kwd><kwd>immune distress</kwd><kwd>inflammatory markers</kwd><kwd>spleen</kwd><kwd>respiratory failure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garibaldi B. T., Fiksel J., Muschelli J., Robinson M. L., Rouhizadeh M., Perin J., Schumock G., et al. Patient trajectories among persons hospitalized for COVID-19: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2021; 174 (1): 33–41. DOI: 10.7326/M20-3905. PMID: 32960645.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garibaldi B. 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