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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2475</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS &amp; SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Енолазы: ограничения внедрения в клиническую практику (обзор-дискуссия)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Enolases: Limitations for Implementation in Clinical Practice (Critical Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубев</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubev</surname><given-names>A. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Голубев Аркадий Михайлович</p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arkady М. Golubev</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arkadygolubev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В. А. Неговского Федерального научно-клинического центра реаниматологии и реабилитологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Голубев А.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Голубев А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Golubev A.М.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2475">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2475</self-uri><abstract><p>Енолазы участвуют в утилизации глюкозы (путь Эмбдена-Мейергофа-Парнаса), имеющего исключительно важное значение в обеспечении клеток энергией в условиях гипоксии при критических состояниях. Енолазы привлекают внимание в связи с возможностью их использования в качестве диагностического маркера при критических состояниях.</p><sec><title>Цель обзора</title><p>Цель обзора: анализ причин, ограничивающих клиническое применение енолаз в диагностических и прогностических целях при критических состояниях.</p><p>Критерием отбора 87 публикаций из баз данных PubMed и elibrary являлись предложения авторов и официальные рекомендации по клиническому применению енолаз в диагностических и прогностических целях.</p><p>Рассмотрели характеристику молекулярных форм енолаз, клинические аспекты и рекомендации клинического применения енолаз, методологические и методические ошибки при их исследовании. Выделили следующие дискутабельные вопросы: определение  концентрации  енолаз не отражает  ферментативную  активность  их множественных молекулярных форм; выявление молекулярных форм енолаз с помощью антител к структурной субъединице не позволяет оценить истинное содержание и ферментативную активность каждой молекулярной формы (например, γ- и αγ-енолазы); представление о том, что гетеродимеры являются клеточноспецифическими (в частности, нейрон-специфическая αγ-енолаза) не подтверждается имеющимися исследованиями, поскольку данный изофермент обнаруживается в клетках различных органов; не учитывается ряд методических условий (скрытый гемолиз, отсутствие унифицированных методов исследования и т.д.).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Исследования, которые будут выполняться на методологической платформе с применением методов, позволяющих оценивать содержание и ферментативную активность каждой молекулярной формы енолазы, позволят получить новую информацию в рамках персонализированной медицины о роли конкретных молекулярных форм енолазы в патогенезе заболеваний и оценить их диагностическое и прогностическое значение, а также эффективность лечебных мероприятий.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Enolases (ENOs) are involved in glycolysis, which is critical for providing energy to cells under hypoxic conditions. ENOs are attracting the attention of researchers as a potential diagnostic marker for critical conditions.</p><p>The aim of this review is to analyze the reasons limiting the clinical use of ENOs for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in critical conditions.</p><p>We selected and analyzed 87 publications in which ENOs assessment was mainly performed in patients with critical illness. Criteria for selecting relevant publications from PubMed and Elibrary were based on a presence of authors' recommendations or current guidelines on clinical use of ENOs for diagnostic or prognostic purposes.</p><p>Specific properties of human ENO isoenzymes were reviewed, clinical aspects and recommendations for their clinical use, as well as methodological and procedural errors in ENO testing were considered.</p><p>The following controversial issues were identified: the measured level of ENOs does not characterize the true enzymatic activity of their numerous molecular isoforms; identification of specific ENO isoforms using antibodies to structural subunits does not allow assessment of the true content and enzymatic activity of potentially circulating isoenzymes (e.g., gamma-gamma and alpha-gamma ENOs); the concept of cell specificity ascribed to heterodimers (in particular, gamma-alpha enolase is considered to be neuron-specific) is not supported by the results of the available studies, since this heterodimeric form of ENO is present in a variety of human tissues; some procedural issues are not taken into account (e.g., latent hemolysis, lack of standardized assessment methods, etc.).</p><p>Conclusion. The use of advanced diagnostic platforms based on the assessment of the content and enzymatic activity of each ENO isoform should provide valuable information on their specific role in the pathogenesis of diseases in the context of personalized medicine and will enable the evaluation of their diagnostic and prognostic significance, as well as the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>енолазы</kwd><kwd>изоферменты</kwd><kwd>множественные молекулярные формы</kwd><kwd>критические состояния</kwd><kwd>клинические рекомендации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>enolases</kwd><kwd>isoenzymes</kwd><kwd>multiple molecular forms</kwd><kwd>critical conditions</kwd><kwd>clinical guidelines</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atkinson A.J., Colburn W.A., DeGruttola A.G., DeMets D.L., Downing G.J, Hoth J.F., Colburn W.A., et al. 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