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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2024-3-2388</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2479</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS &amp; SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мониторинг иммунной системы у пациентов в критическом состоянии (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Monitoring the Immune System in Critically Ill Patients (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>А. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанов Александр Валентинович</p><p>672000, г. Чита, ул. Горького, д. 39а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Аlexander V. Stepanov</p><p>39а Gorky Str., 672000 Chita</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avstep@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаповалов</surname><given-names>К. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shapovalov</surname><given-names>K. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>672000, г. Чита, ул. Горького, д. 39а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin G. Shapovalov</p><p>39а Gorky Str., 672000 Chita</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Читинская государственная медицинская академия Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Chita State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of the Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Степанов А.В., Шаповалов К.Г., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Степанов А.В., Шаповалов К.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stepanov А.V., Shapovalov K.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2479">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2479</self-uri><abstract><p>У большинства пациентов в критических состояниях, независимо от их причины, происходит активация врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета. Это зачастую является эпикритическим процессом и приводит к дисфункции органов.</p><sec><title>Цель обзора</title><p>Цель обзора: систематизировать для врачей различных специальностей (анестезиологов-реаниматологов, хирургов, терапевтов, акушеров-гинекологов) информацию о возможностях мониторинга иммунной системы при критических состояниях.</p><p>В обзор включили сведения из 83 современных отечественных и зарубежных публикаций (в основном работы 2023 г.), размещенных в свободном доступе и обнаруженных по ключевым словам.</p><p>Обобщили современные представления о взаимоотношениях инфекций и иммунной системы человека, клинического применения традиционных маркеров иммунного статуса. Привели данные о новых перспективных маркерах оценки состояния иммунитета у пациентов при различной патологии.</p><p>Ограничения исследований связаны с необходимостью дальнейших масштабных клинических испытаний даже самых многообещающих маркеров, а также систематизации данных о них. Кроме того, иммунный мониторинг, вероятно, увеличит стоимость лечения пациентов, в связи с чем должны развиваться менее затратные по сравнению с ним методы исследований.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Почти все патологические нарушения организма пациентов в критических состояниях приводят к изменению иммунитета. Ведение пациентов в соответствии с их иммунным профилем ставит задачу: определить персонализированные тактики иммунной стимуляции, лечения, профилактики инфекций. Углубленный мониторинг функции иммунной системы будет способствовать персонализации медицины, а постоянный прогресс современных биологических технологий позволит усовершенствовать его методы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Most patients with critical illness, regardless of the cause, develop activation of innate and adaptive immunity. This is often a critical process leading to organ dysfunction.</p><p>The aim of the review is to systematize information on monitoring the immune system in critical illness for physicians of different specialties (anesthesiology and intensive care, surgery, general practice, obstetrics and gynecology).</p><p>The review includes information from 83 recent national and international publications (mostly from 2023), available in the public domain and found by keyword search.</p><p>We have summarized the current understanding of the relationship between infections and the human immune system, as well as the clinical application of traditional markers of immune status. We provided data on novel promising markers for the assessment of immunity in patients with various diseases.</p><p>Limitations of the studies reviewed include the need for additional large-scale clinical trials of even the most promising markers, as well as a synthesis of the evidence for their performance. In addition, immune monitoring is likely to increase the cost of patient care, necessitating the development of more affordable research methods.</p><p>Conclusion. Almost all disorders in critically ill patients are associated with changes in the immune system. Management of patients based on their immune profile requires determination of a personalized strategy for immune modulation, treatment, and prevention of infection. Advanced monitoring of immune system functions will contribute to the personalization of medicine, and the continuous development of biological technologies will allow to improve its methods.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мониторинг иммунной системы</kwd><kwd>критическое состояние</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd><kwd>сепсис</kwd><kwd>полиорганная недостаточность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immune system monitoring</kwd><kwd>critical illness</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd><kwd>sepsis</kwd><kwd>multiple organ failure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Costabella F., Patel K.B., Adepoju A.V., Singh P., Mahmoud H.A.H., Zafar A., Patel T., et al. Healthcare cost and outcomes associated with surgical site infection and patient outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. 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