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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2025-2-2532</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2532</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Интенсивная терапия острой печеночной недостаточности в педиатрической практике (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Intensive Care for Acute Liver Failure in Pediatric Practice (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7630-5734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авакян</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avakyan</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авакян Георгий Артурович.</p><p>355017, Ставрополь, ул. Мира, д. 310</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Georgy A. Avakyan.</p><p>310 Mira Str., 355017 Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nepsan54@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-3823</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быков</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykov</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Быков Юрий Витальевич.</p><p>355017, Ставрополь, ул. Мира, д. 310</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri V. Bykov.</p><p>310 Mira Str., 355017 Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yubykov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9990-7272</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обедин</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Obedin</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Обедин Александр Николаевич.</p><p>355017, Ставрополь, ул. Мира, д. 310</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander N. Obedin.</p><p>310 Mira Str., 355017 Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volander@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Stavropol State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Авакян Г.А., Быков Ю.В., Обедин А.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Авакян Г.А., Быков Ю.В., Обедин А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Avakyan G.A., Bykov Y.V., Obedin A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2532">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2532</self-uri><abstract><p>Острая печеночная недостаточность (ОПН) — редкий патологический синдром в педиатрической практике, сопровождаемый высоким риском развития полиорганной недостаточности и летального исхода. Несмотря на большое количество данных о факторах риска и клинических проявления, четких алгоритмов интенсивной терапии при ОПН в детском и подростковом возрасте не существует. Врачи — анестезиологи-реаниматологи сталкиваются с большими сложностями в вопросах диагностики и профилактики ОПН.</p><sec><title>Цель обзора</title><p>Цель обзора. Рассмотреть основные триггеры, этиология и патогенез, клинические проявления, специфическое и синдромальное лечение при ОПН в практике детской интенсивной терапии.</p><p>Выполнили поиск и анализ научных работ с использованием баз данных Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medscape и Library.ru по поисковым словам: «острая печеночная недостаточность, дети и подростки, печеночная энцефалопатия, отек головного мозга, экстракорпоральные методы, трансплантация печени». Для обзора отобрали 81 источник. Критериями включения работ в обзор были: наличие описания патогенеза ОПН, клинических проявлений, диагностики и лечения в практике детской интенсивной терапии. Критерием исключения работ из обзора являлись статьи, содержащие информацию по клинике ОПН, диагностике и интенсивной терапии у взрослых пациентов. Описали основные этиологические факторы, клинические проявления ОПН в зависимости от возраста ребенка, а также диагностический арсенал в практике интенсивной терапии у детей и подростков. Осветили основные синдромальные и специфические методы лечения при ОПН в условиях отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии, с учетом особенностей детского организма.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Инфекционные и неопределенные причины составляют наиболее распространенную этиологию ОПН, которая приводит к гипераммониемии, воспалительному процессу и гибели гепатоцитов. Основные признаки ОПН у детей зависят от возраста и включают желтуху, боли в животе, тошноту, рвоту, церебральную недостаточность. Специфическая терапия проводится на базе отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии и включает в себя коррекцию водно-электролитных нарушений, антибактериальную терапию, энтеральное питание. Синдромальное лечение направлено на стабилизацию функции жизненно важных органов, проведение экстракорпоральных методов и трансплантации печени при наличии показаний.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare pathologic syndrome in pediatric practice with a high risk of multiple organ failure and death. Despite extensive research on risk factors and clinical manifestations, there are no standardized critical care protocols for ALF in children and adolescents. Anesthesiologists and intensivists face significant challenges in the diagnosis and prevention of ALF.</p><p>The aim of this review is to analyze the main triggers, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and both specific and supportive treatment approaches for ALF in pediatric intensive care units.</p><p>The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medscape and Library.ru databases were used to conduct a systematic search and analysis of the scientific literature using the keywords «acute liver failure, children and adolescents, hepatic encephalopathy, cerebral edema, extracorporeal methods, liver transplantation». A total of 81 sources were selected for review. Inclusion criteria were studies that described the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of ALF in the pediatric intensive care unit. Exclusion criteria were studies that focused on the diagnosis and treatment of ALF in adult patients.</p><p>This review summarizes the most common etiologic factors and clinical presentations of ALF based on the child's age, as well as the diagnostic tools used in the pediatric intensive care unit. It also focuses on the primary supportive and disease-specific management strategies for ALF in the ICU, taking into account the unique physiological characteristics of pediatric patients.</p><p>Conclusion. Infectious and idiopathic causes are the most common etiologies of ALF, leading to hyperammonemia, inflammatory response, and hepatocyte death. The primary clinical manifestations of ALF in children vary with age and include jaundice, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and encephalopathy. Specific treatment in the intensive care unit focuses on correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalances, administering antibacterial therapy, and providing enteral nutrition. Supportive therapy is aimed at stabilizing vital organ function, implementing extracorporeal treatment methods, and performing liver transplantation when indicated.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острая печеночная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>дети и подростки</kwd><kwd>печеночная энцефалопатия</kwd><kwd>отек головного мозга</kwd><kwd>экстракорпоральные методы</kwd><kwd>трансплантация печени</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute liver failure</kwd><kwd>children and adolescents</kwd><kwd>hepatic encephalopathy</kwd><kwd>cerebral edema</kwd><kwd>extracorporeal methods</kwd><kwd>liver transplantation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhatt H., Rao G. S. Management of acute liver failure: a pediatric perspective. Curr Pediatr Rep. 2018; 6 (3): 246–257. DOI: 10.1007/s40124-018-0174-7. 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