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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2025-5-2584</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2584</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS &amp; SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Внутренняя динамика сети, связанная с аномальным дельта-ритмом при нарушениях сознания (краткий обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Intrinsic Network Dynamics Related to Abnormal Delta Rhythm in Consciousness Disorders (Short Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0539-5844</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мачадо</surname><given-names>К. </given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Machado</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каликсто Мачадо</p><p>10400, г. Ла-Гавана, ул. y D Ведадо, д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Calixto Machado</p><p>29 y D Vedado, 10400 La Habana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cmachado180652@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Санчес</surname><given-names>Х. </given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sanchez</surname><given-names>J. J.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>33125, Флорида, Майами, Северо-западная 15-я ул. Роуд,1545</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Jose J. Sanchez</p><p>1545 NW 15th Street Road, Miami, FL 33125</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0833-9493</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саниова</surname><given-names>Б.  Д. </given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saniova</surname><given-names>B. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беата Дробна Саниова</p><p>03601, г. Мартин, ул. Колларова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Beata Drobna Saniova</p><p>2 Kollarova Str., 03659 Martin</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дробны</surname><given-names>М. </given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drobný</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>03601, г. Мартин, ул. Колларова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Michal Drobný</p><p>2 Kollarova Str., 03659 Martin</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шифф</surname><given-names>А. </given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Schift</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артур Шифф</p><p>30046, Джорджия, Лоуренсвилл, бульвар Медицинского центра, д. 500, каб. 350</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arthur Schiff</p><p>500 Medical Center Blvd, Suite 350, Lawrenceville, GA 30046</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт неврологии и нейрохирургии, кафедра клинической нейрофизиологии</institution><country>Куба</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology</institution><country>Cuba</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Агентство Better Call</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Better Call Agency</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клиника анестезиологии и интенсивной медицины, Братиславский университет им. Коменского, медицинский факультет им. Ессениуса и Университетская клиника в Мартине</institution><country>Словакия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Martin</institution><country>Slovakia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Больница Нортсайд Гвиннетт</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Northside Hospital Gwinnett</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мачадо К., Санчес Х.J., Саниова Б.Д., Дробны М., Шифф А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мачадо К., Санчес Х., Саниова Б.Д., Дробны М., Шифф А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Machado C., Sanchez J.J., Saniova B.D., Drobný M., Schift A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2584">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2584</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучить патофизиологические механизмы и клиническую значимость дельта-ритмов (≤4 Гц) при нарушениях сознания, включая кому, синдром безответного бодрствования (вегетативное состояние) и состояние минимального сознания (СМС), в качестве биомаркеров для диагностики, прогноза и целенаправленной терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Провели краткий обзор результатов экспериментальных и клинических исследований по изучению генерации и модуляции дельта-ритма при нарушениях сознания. Особое внимание уделили таламо-кортикальным взаимодействиям, кортикальному торможению, нарушениям нейромодуляции, а также роли глиальных клеток, нейровоспалению и метаболическим нарушениям. Количественный анализ ЭЭГ и усовершенствованную нейровизуализацию выделили в качестве ключевых инструментов для оценки дельта-активности.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установили, что дельта-ритмы доминируют на ЭЭГ при всех состояниях нарушенного сознания, при этом глобальная активность с высокой амплитудой наблюдается при коме, а активность с низкой амплитудой — при вегетативных состояниях, что, соответственно, указывает на подавление активности коры головного мозга и таламокортикальное отключение. При СМС снижение амплитуды волн дельта-ритма и улучшение связи коррелировали с периодическим целенаправленным поведением. Терапевтические вмешательства, включая транскраниальную магнитную стимуляцию, транскраниальную стимуляцию переменным током и фармакологические препараты, демонстрировали потенциал для модуляции дельта-ритмов. Кроме того, стохастический резонанс стал новым механизмом стабилизации нейронных сетей, проходящим сквозь помехи.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Дельта-ритмы служат важнейшими биомаркерами состояний нарушенного сознания и представляют диагностическую, прогностическую и терапевтическую ценность. Мультимодальные подходы, объединяющие ЭЭГ, нейровизуализацию и механистические исследования, необходимы для углубления понимания и улучшения клинических результатов при лечении пациентов в состоянии нарушенного сознания.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical significance of delta rhythms (≤4 Hz) in disorders of consciousness (DOC), including coma, unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS), and minimally conscious state (MCS), as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targeting.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. A narrative review was conducted, focusing on experimental and clinical findings related to delta rhythm generation and modulation in the disorder of consciousness (DOC). Emphasis was placed on thalamo-cortical interactions, cortical inhibition, neuromodulatory deficits, and the role of glial cells, neuroinflammation, and metabolic disruptions. Quantitative EEG analysis and advanced neuroimaging were highlighted as key tools for assessing delta activity.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Delta rhythms were found to dominate EEGs across DOC states, with high-amplitude global activity in coma and low-amplitude activity in UWS, indicating cortical suppression and thalamocortical disconnection, respectively. In MCS, reduced delta power and improved connectivity correlated with intermittent purposeful behavior. Therapeutic interventions, including TMS, tACS, and pharmacological agents, showed potential for modulating delta rhythms. Additionally, stochastic resonance emerged as a novel mechanism to stabilize neural networks through noise.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Delta rhythms serve as crucial biomarkers in DOC, offering diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value. Multimodal approaches that integrate EEG, neuroimaging, and mechanistic studies are essential for deepening understanding and improving clinical outcomes in DOC management.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дельта-ритм</kwd><kwd>ЭЭГ</kwd><kwd>нарушения сознания</kwd><kwd>нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>дельта-альфа-ритмы</kwd><kwd>нейровизуализация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Delta rhythm</kwd><kwd>EEG</kwd><kwd>disorders of consciousness</kwd><kwd>neural networks</kwd><kwd>delta-alpha rhythms</kwd><kwd>neuroimaging</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang J., Deng B., Wang J., Yang Y., Liu C. The abnormal delta rhythm mechanism in disorders of consciousness: intrinsic neuronal properties and network dynamics. 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