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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2025-5-2598</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2598</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS &amp; SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль инфекционных заболеваний нижних дыхательных путей в патогенезе ишемического инсульта (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Role of Infectious Diseases of the Lower Respiratory Tract in the Pathogenesis of Ischemic Stroke (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1780-9829</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабкина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babkina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Сергеевна Бабкина</p><p>10703, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Anastasiya S. Babkina</title><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></sec></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ababkina@fnkcrr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В. А. Неговского Федерального научно-клинического центра реаниматологии и реабилитологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бабкина А.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бабкина А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Babkina A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2598">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2598</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: обоснование патогенеза ишемического инсульта при инфекционных заболеваниях нижних дыхательных путей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Провели поиск оригинальных исследований, клинических сообщений, обзорных и редакционных статей, комментариев и кратких сообщений, опубликованных до 25 июня 2025 г. в базе PubMed. Дополнительные источники, которые не выявили с помощью поиска в первичной базе данных, анализировали после изучения списков литературы по отобранным статьям. Статьи отбирали, исходя из соответствия названия и аннотации цели настоящего обзора. В анализ включили данные 160 источников.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выделили и подробно рассмотрели механизмы развития ишемического инсульта при респираторных инфекциях: 1) активацию свертывающей системы крови и нарушение естественных антикоагулянтных и фибринолитических механизмов; 2) взаимодействие системы гемостаза с врожденным иммунитетом; 3) воздействие возбудителей инфекции на прогрессирование атеросклероза и стабильность атеросклеротической бляшки; 4) формирование тромбоэмболов в легочных венах.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Как бактериальная, так и вирусная инфекция могут инициировать прокоагулянтное состояние, опосредованное тканевым фактором, фактором фон Виллебранда, активацией тромбоцитов, нейтрофильных внеклеточных ловушек и снижением активности эндогенных антикоагулянтов. Инфекционный процесс, локализованный в легких, характеризующийся повреждениями эндотелия сосудов легких, альвеолоцитов, внутриальвеолярным отложением фибрина, отеком, клеточной инфильтрацией, в совокупности с нарушениями гемостаза создает условия для формирования тромбов в сосудах легких. Таким образом, легочные вены и венулы могут являться источником тромбоэмболии сосудов головного мозга. Этот механизм развития тромбоэмболического инсульта во многом объясняет случаи острых нарушений мозгового кровообращения у пациентов с инфекцией нижних дыхательных путей без сердечно-сосудистых факторов риска. Другой механизм ишемического инсульта связан с прямым или опосредованным воздействием патогенов на стабильность атеросклеротических бляшек в сосудах головного мозга, что в совокупности с системным прокоагулянтным дисбалансом, приводит к формированию атеротромбоза. Учитывая обоснованную патогенетическую связь острых инфекционных заболеваний легких с кардиоэмболическим и атеротромботическим инсультами, необходима клиническая настороженность относительно острых нарушений мозгового кровообращения в тактике ведения таких пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to clarify the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke in infectious diseases of the lower respiratory tract.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. We searched the PubMed database for original research articles, clinical reports, review articles, editorials, commentaries, and short communications published before June 25, 2025. Additional studies that were not captured through the primary database search were analyzed after manually examining the reference lists of the selected articles. Articles were selected based on the relevance of the title and abstract to the purpose of this review. Data from 160 sources were included in the analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. We have identified and analyzed in detail the mechanisms of ischemic stroke development in respiratory infections: activation of the coagulation system and disruption of natural anticoagulant and fibrinolytic mechanisms (1); interaction of the hemostasis system with innate immunity (2); the effect of infectious agents on the progression of atherosclerosis and the stability of the atherosclerotic plaque (3); the formation of thromboemboli in the pulmonary veins (4).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Both bacterial and viral infections can initiate a procoagulant state mediated by tissue factor, von Willebrand factor, platelet activation, neutrophil extracellular traps and decreased activity of endogenous anticoagulants. The infectious process localized in the lungs, characterized by damage to the pulmonary vascular endothelium, alveolocytes, intraalveolar fibrin deposition, edema, cellular infiltration, in concert with hemostasis alterations create conditions for the formation of thrombi in the pulmonary vessels. Thus, the pulmonary veins and venules can be a source of cerebral thromboembolism. This mechanism of thromboembolic stroke development largely explains causes of acute cerebrovascular events in patients with lower respiratory tract infection without cardiovascular risk factors. Another mechanism of ischemic stroke is associated with direct or indirect effects of pathogens on the stability of atherosclerotic plaques in cerebral vessels, which, together with systemic procoagulant imbalance, leads to the formation of atherothrombosis. Given the significant pathogenetic relationship between acute infectious lung diseases and cardioembolic and atherothrombotic strokes, clinical alertness regarding acute cerebrovascular events should be included in monitoring and management of such patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>пневмония</kwd><kwd>респираторная инфекция</kwd><kwd>атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>тромбоэмболия</kwd><kwd>гемостаз</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ischemic stroke</kwd><kwd>pneumonia</kwd><kwd>respiratory infection</kwd><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>thromboembolism</kwd><kwd>hemostasis</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller E. C., Elkind M. S. V. Infection and stroke: an update on recent progress. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2016; 16 (1): 2. 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