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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2026-3-2608</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2608</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейропротективные эффекты хлорида лития при моделировании фотохимически индуцированного инсульта</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Neuroprotective Effects of Lithium Chloride in a Model of Photochemically Induced Stroke</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5853-7961</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клименков</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimenkov</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клименков Георгий Сергеевич</p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Georgy S. Klimenkov</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klimenkov.georg@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-4912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгих</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgikh</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долгих Владимир Терентьевич</p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir T. Dolgikh</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prof_dolgih@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9615-6118</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габитов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabitov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Габитов Михаил Валерьевич</p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail V. Gabitov</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mgabitov@fnkcrr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6747-2833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрипкин</surname><given-names>Ю.  В. </given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skripkin</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Скрипкин Юрий Вольдемарович</p><p>129110, г. Москва, ул. Щепкина, д. 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri V. Skripkin </p><p>61/2 Shchepkin Str., 129110 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9045-6017</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гребенчиков</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grebenchikov</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гребенчиков Олег Александрович</p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg A. Grebenchikov </p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oleg.grebenchikov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В. А. Неговского Федерального научно-клинического центра реаниматологии и реабилитологии Минобрнауки России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Ministry of Education and Science of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М. Ф. Владимирского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M. F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Клименков Г.С., Долгих В.Т., Габитов М.В., Скрипкин Ю.В., Гребенчиков О.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клименков Г.С., Долгих В.Т., Габитов М.В., Скрипкин Ю.В., Гребенчиков О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klimenkov G.S., Dolgikh V.T., Gabitov M.V., Skripkin Y.V., Grebenchikov O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2608">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2608</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования — изучение нейропротективных свойств хлорида лития при моделировании фотохимически индуцированного инсульта у крыс.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Экспериментальную работу провели в лаборатории органопротекции при критических состояниях НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В. А. Неговского ФНКЦ РР. В исследование включили 32 аутбредных крысы линии Wistar, рандомизированных на 2 равных группы: NaCl — контрольная группа, получавшая физиологический раствор, и LiCl — группа сравнения, получавшая раствор хлорид лития 4,2% (63 мг/кг). Растворы вводили внутривенно через 120 мин после индуцирования инсульта. Модель ишемического инсульта создавали с помощью фотохимически индуцированного тромбоза сосудов сенсомоторной коры головного мозга. Для оценки неврологического дефицита использовали тест «Постановка конечности на опору». Объем ишемического очага определяли с помощью МРТ (7 Тесла). Иммуногистохимический анализ включал маркеры NeuN (нейрональная сохранность), Cas-3 (апоптоз) и Iba-1 (активация микроглии). Статистический анализ выполняли с использованием критериев Шапиро–Уилка, t-теста Стьюдента и U-критерия Манна–Уитни (p &lt; 0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Применение хлорида лития привело к уменьшению объема ишемического очага на 30% по сравнению с контролем (p = 0,0236). В группе LiCl наблюдали увеличение интенсивности сигнала NeuN-положительных нейронов в зоне пенумбры (80 УЕ vs 41 УЕ в Контрольной группе, p = 0,0001), уменьшение интенсивности сигнала Cas-3-положительных клеток на 25% (p = 0,0008) и Iba-1-положительных клеток — на 58% (p &lt; 0,0001). Неврологический дефицит в группе LiCl был менее выражен (9,8 ± 1,2 vs 12,5 ± 1,5 баллов, p &lt; 0,0001).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Хлорид лития продемонстрировал выраженные нейропротективные свойства в модели ишемического инсульта, уменьшая объем повреждения, способствуя подавлению апоптоза и воспаления. Полученные данные подтверждают потенциал хлорида лития как терапевтического агента для лечения ишемического инсульта, особенно благодаря его способности модулировать ключевые патогенетические механизмы. Результаты обосновывают необходимость дальнейших клинических исследований для оценки эффективности и безопасности лития в медицинской практике.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to investigate the neuroprotective properties of lithium chloride in a model of photochemically induced stroke in rats.</p><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The experimental work was conducted in the organoprotection laboratory for critical conditions at the V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology. The study included 32 outbred Wistar rats, randomized into 2 equal groups: the NaCl (control) group, treated with physiological saline solution, and the LiCl group, which received a 4.2% lithium chloride solution (63 mg/kg). The solutions were administered intravenously 120 minutes after inducing a stroke. The ischemic stroke model was generated using photochemically induced thrombosis in cerebral sensorimotor cortex vessels. Neurological deficit was assessed using the «limb placement test». Ischemic lesion volume was measured using MRI (7 Tesla). Immunohistochemical analysis included markers for NeuN (survived mature neurons), Cas-3 (neuronal apoptosis), and Iba-1 (microglial activation). Statistical analysis was performed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Student's t-test, and the Mann–Whitney U test with significance at p &lt; 0.05.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Lithium chloride infusion resulted in a 30% reduction in the ischemic lesion volume compared to the control group (p = 0.0236). The LiCl group showed an increase in signal intensity (relative units, RU) in the NeuN-positive neurons in the penumbra (80 RU vs 41 RU in the control group, p = 0.0001), a 25% decrease in signal intensity in Cas-3-positive cells (p = 0.0008), and a 58% decrease in signal intensity in Iba-1-positive cells (p &lt; 0.0001). Neurological deficit in the LiCl group was less detectable (NaCL vs LiCl: 9,8 ± 1,2 vs 12,5 ± 1,5 scores, respectively, p &lt; 0.0001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Lithium chloride demonstrated significant neuroprotective properties in a model of ischemic stroke, reducing the volume of damage and favoring the suppression of apoptosis and inflammation. The findings validate the potential of lithium chloride as a therapeutic agent for treatment of ischemic stroke, owing in particular to ability to modulate key pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. The results underscore the need for further clinical research to assess the efficacy and safety of lithium in medical practice.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>литий</kwd><kwd>нейропротекция</kwd><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения</kwd><kwd>NeuN</kwd><kwd>Cas-3</kwd><kwd>Iba-1</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lithium</kwd><kwd>neuroprotection</kwd><kwd>ischemic stroke</kwd><kwd>acute cerebrovascular accident</kwd><kwd>NeuN</kwd><kwd>Cas-3</kwd><kwd>Iba-1</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Толпыгина С.Н., Загребельный А.В., Чернышева М.И., Воронина В.П., Кутишенко Н.П., Дмитриева Н.А., Лерман О.В., с соавт. Отдаленная выживаемость больных, перенесших острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения, в различных возрастных группах в регистре РЕГИОН-М. 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