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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2025-5-26-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2632</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности совершенствования диагностики нозокомиальных менингитов и вентрикулитов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Potential for Improving the Diagnostics of Nosocomial Meningitis and Ventriculitis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6280-3832</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айбазова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aybazova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Медина Исламовна Айбазова</p><p>191014, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Маяковского, д.12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Medina I. Aybazova</p><p>12 Mayakovsky Str., 191014 St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aibazova.med@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1205-7650</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмидт</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmidt</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Леонид Александрович Шмидт</p><p>197341, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid A. Shmidt</p><p>2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8595-6666</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дрягина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dryagina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Владимировна Дрягина</p><p>191014, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Маяковского, д.12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya V. Dryagina</p><p>12 Mayakovsky Str., 191014 St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3986-633X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Сергеевна Борисова</p><p>197341, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena S. Borisova</p><p>2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9796-8799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривчикова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivchikova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кристина Александровна Кривчикова</p><p>197341, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina A. Krivchikova</p><p>2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2905-1587</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончарук</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharuk</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никита Валерьевич Гончарук</p><p>197341, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita V. Goncharuk</p><p>2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7527-7707</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ценципер</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsentsiper</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Любовь Марковна Ценципер</p><p>191014, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Маяковского, д.12,</p><p>197341, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2,</p><p>194100, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2,</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lubov M. Tsentsiper</p><p>12 Mayakovsky Str., 191014 St. Petersburg,</p><p>2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg,</p><p>2 Litovskaya Str, 194100 Saint-Petersburg, </p><p>6 Miklukho-Maсlaya Str., 117198 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7648-2208</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратьев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratyev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анатолий Николаевич Кондратьев</p><p>191014, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Маяковского, д.12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly N. Kondratyev</p><p>12 Mayakovsky Str., 191014 St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научно-исследовательский нейрохирургический институт им. проф. А. Л. Поленова, филиал Национального медицинского исследовательского центра им. В. А. Алмазова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. L. Polenov Russian Research Neurosurgical Institute, branch of V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В. А. Алмазова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научно-исследовательский нейрохирургический институт им. проф. А. Л. Поленова, филиал Национального медицинского исследовательского центра им. В. А. Алмазова Минздрава России;&#13;
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В. А. Алмазова Минздрава России;&#13;
Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет Минздрава России;&#13;
Медицинский институт, Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. L. Polenov Russian Research Neurosurgical Institute, branch of V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia;&#13;
V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia;&#13;
St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia;&#13;
Medical Institute, Patrice Lumumba Peoples Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Айбазова М.И., Шмидт Л.А., Дрягина Н.В., Борисова Е.С., Кривчикова К.А., Гончарук Н.В., Ценципер Л.М., Кондратьев А.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Айбазова М.И., Шмидт Л.А., Дрягина Н.В., Борисова Е.С., Кривчикова К.А., Гончарук Н.В., Ценципер Л.М., Кондратьев А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aybazova M.I., Shmidt L.A., Dryagina N.V., Borisova E.S., Krivchikova K.A., Goncharuk N.V., Tsentsiper L.M., Kondratyev A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2632">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2632</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: определить наиболее специфичные и чувствительные критерии диагностики нозокомиальных менингитов и вентрикулитов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В ретроспективное когортное исследование случай-контроль, проводимое на базе отделения анестезиологии-реанимации Российского научно-исследовательского нейрохирургического института (РНХИ) им. проф. А. Л. Поленова, филиала Национального медицинского исследовательского центра (НМИЦ) им. В. А. Алмазова Минздрава России включили 120 пациентов, перенесших интракраниальное нейрохирургическое вмешательство: основная группа (n=60) — пациенты с нозокомиальным менингитом (НМ), группа сравнения (n=60) — больные без НМ. Критерии включения: возраст старше 18 лет. Критерии исключения: наличие тяжелого иммуносупрессивного статуса (ВИЧ-инфекции), признаки инфекции центральной нервной системы (ЦНС) (менингит, вентрикулит, абсцесс головного мозга) при госпитализации, экстракраниальный характер оперативных вмешательств, наличие ликвореи в дооперационном периоде, травмы ЦНС, экстракраниальные причины инфекции ЦНС. Применяли критерии диагностики НМ Центров по контролю и профилактике заболеваний США (CDC) и НМИЦ нейрохирургии им. акад. Н. Н. Бурденко.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При внешней валидации критериев диагностики НМ в анализируемой когорте пациентов чувствительность и специфичность по критериям CDC составили, соответственно, 81,67 и 83,33%. По критериям НМИЦ нейрохирургии им. акад. Н. Н. Бурденко эти показатели составили для вероятного НМ 81,67 и 88,33%, для подтвержденного НМ — 51,67 и 100%, соответственно. По критериям CDC наивысшую чувствительность выявили для показателя концентрации белка в спинномозговой жидкости (СМЖ) &gt; 0,33 г/л (83,6%), при крайне низкой специфичности — 21%, наивысшую специфичность — для результата посева СМЖ (100%). По критериям НМИЦ нейрохирургии им. акад. Н. Н. Бурденко для вероятного НМ наибольшую чувствительность демонстрировал показатель цитоза в СМЖ &gt; 65 клеток в мкл (64,4%), наибольшую специфичность — показатели концентрации глюкозы в ликворе &lt; 2,6 ммоль/л (93,9%) и CSF/SGLU ⇄ 0,45 (96,8%). Для подтвержденного НМ максимальную чувствительность также демонстрировал показатель цитоза в СМЖ &gt; 65 клеток в мкл (95,2%), но специфичность этого признака составила только 51%. Наибольшую специфичность выявили для показателя лактата в СМЖ &gt; 4,2 ммоль/л (92,3%). Рассчитали оптимальные пороговые значения для 4-х показателей: температуры тела &gt; 37,7°C; цитоза в СМЖ &gt; 245 клеток/мкл; глюкозы СМЖ &lt; 2,0 ммоль/л и лактата СМЖ &gt; 3,7 ммоль/л. Использование комбинации пороговых значений всех 4-х показателей позволило достичь чувствительности 90,00% и специфичности 91,67%. Наибольшую диагностическую ценность имели показатели цитоза в СМЖ (AUC=0,90; 95% ДИ 0,84–0,95), повышенного лактата СМЖ (AUC=0,85; 95% ДИ 0,75–0,93), общего белка в СМЖ (AUC=0,83; 95% ДИ 0,75–0,90) и температуры тела (AUC=0,82; 95% ДИ 0,74–0,89). Показатели положительного посева СМЖ и наличия ригидности затылочных мышц коррелировали с диагнозом НМ (rbp=0,522 и rbp=0,415, соответственно, p=0,0001), однако не показали хорошей предиктивной диагностической способности.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Наиболее клинически значимыми признаками НМ являются: повышение уровня цитоза СМЖ, концентрации лактата СМЖ, лихорадка. Золотой стандарт диагностики НМ — положительный бактериологический анализ СМЖ показал низкую чувствительность — 69,2%. При сочетанном применении разработанные в ходе исследования пороговые показатели температуры тела, плеоцитоза спинномозговой жидкости (СМЖ), глюкозы и лактата СМЖ обладают более высокой чувствительностью и специфичностью, чем используемые ранее.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to identify the most specific and sensitive criteria for diagnosing nosocomial meningitis and ventriculitis.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A retrospective case-control cohort study conducted at the department of anesthesiology and intensive care of the A. L. Polenov Russian Research Neurosurgical Institute (RRNI), a branch of the V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center (NMRC) of the Ministry of Health of Russia included 120 patients who underwent intracranial neurosurgery: the main group (N=60) — patients with nosocomial meningitis (NM), and the comparison group (N=60) — patients without NM. Inclusion criteria: age over 18 years. Exclusion criteria: severe immunosuppressive condition (HIV infection), signs of central nervous system (CNS) infection (meningitis, ventriculitis, brain abscess) on admission, extracranial surgical interventions, pre-operative cerebrospinal fluid leakage, CNS trauma, and extracranial causes of CNS infection. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery criteria for NM diagnosis were used in the study.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. External validation of the NM diagnostic criteria in the analyzed patient cohort resulted in 81.67% sensitivity and 83.33% specificity of the CDC criteria. Sensitivity and specificity of the Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery criteria were 81.67% and 88.33%, respectively, for probable NM, and 51.67% and 100%, for confirmed NM. The CDC criteria demonstrated the highest sensitivity for protein concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) &gt; 0.33 g/L (83.6%), with simultaneous extremely low specificity of 21%, and the highest specificity for the CSF positive culture (100%). As for the Burdenko National Research Medical Center for Neurosurgery criteria, in probable NM the highest sensitivity was established for CSF cell count &gt; 65 cells/µL (64.4%), and the highest specificity — for CSF glucose &lt; 2.6 mmol/l (93.9%) and CSF/serum glucose ratio (CSF/SGLU) &lt; 0.45 (96.8%). In confirmed NM, CSF cell count &gt; 65 cells/µL was also the most sensitive parameter (95.2%), although with 51% specificity. The highest specificity was found for the CSF lactate &gt;</p></sec><sec><title>4</title><p>4.2 mmol/L (92.3%). The optimal threshold values were calculated for four parameters: body temperature</p></sec><sec><title>&gt; 37</title><p>&gt; 37.7°C, CSF cell count &gt; 245 cells/µL, CSF glucose &lt; 2.0 mmol/L, and CSF lactate &gt; 3.7 mmol/L. Using a combination of threshold values for all four parameters, we achieved a sensitivity of 90.00% and a specificity of 91.67%. CSF cell count (AUC=0.90; 95% CI 0.84–0.95), increased CSF lactate (AUC=0.85; 95% CI 0.75–0.93), total CSF protein (AUC=0.83; 95% CI 0.75–0.90) and body temperature (AUC=0.82; 95% CI 0.74–0.89) had the greatest diagnostic value. Positive CSF culture and the occipital muscle rigidity correlated with the diagnosis of NM (rbp=0.522 and rbp=0.415, respectively, P=0.0001), but did not show good predictive diagnostic capacity.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Fever, increase in CSF cell count and CSF lactate were identified as the most clinically significant signs of NM. A positive CF culture traditionally used as the gold standard for diagnosis of NM showed low sensitivity of 69.2%. When taken together, the identified in the study threshold values of body temperature, CSF cell count, CSF glucose and lactate have a higher sensitivity and specificity than those used earlier.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нозокомиальный менингит</kwd><kwd>инфекция ЦНС</kwd><kwd>критерии диагностики нозокомиального менингита</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nosocomial meningitis</kwd><kwd>CNS infection</kwd><kwd>criteria for diagnosing nosocomial meningitis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corona-Nakamura A. L., Arias-Merino M. J., Ávila-Esparza E. I., Tolentino-Corona M. L., Cañedo-Castañeda C. C., Flores-Salinas H. E., Corona-Macías J. F., et al. 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