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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2026-1-2635</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2666</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS &amp; SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Критические состояния, обусловленные фенотиазинами: краткий обзор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Phenothiazine-Related Critical Conditions: a Mini-Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5449-8444</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шумейко</surname><given-names>Д.  Е. </given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shumeyko</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Евгеньевич Шумейко</p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2; 117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis E. Shumeyko</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow; 6 Miklukho-Maсlaya Str., 117198 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.e.shumeyko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В. А. Неговского Федерального научно-клинического центра реаниматологии и реабилитологии; Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology; Patrice Lumumba Peoples Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шумейко Д.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шумейко Д.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shumeyko D.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2666">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2666</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель обзора — обобщение патологических механизмов, связанных с токсическим действием фенотиазинов при их передозировке.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Поиск оригинальных исследовательских статей, клинических отчетов, обзорных и редакционных статей, комментариев и кратких сообщений провели в базах данных PubMed, Google Scholar и eLibrary. Публикации отбирали на основе соответствия заглавия и аннотации цели данного обзора. Дополнительные источники, релевантные поисковому запросу, включали из списков литературы отобраных публикаций.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Анализировали механизмы действия фенотиазинов при их применении и передозировке, а также механизмы действия в потенциальных условиях применения. Клинические проявления отравления фенотиазинами преимущественно характеризуются антагонизмом к дофаминовым рецепторам D₁–D₄, гистаминовым рецепторам H₁, α₁–α₂ α-адренорецепторам и мускариновым ацетилхолиновым рецепторам M₁–M₂. Кроме того, фенотиазины способны увеличивать проницаемость гематоэнцефалического барьера посредством апоптоза, увеличивать глобальное метилирование, эффективно усиливать химиотерапию некоторых опухолей и обеспечивать нейропротекцию за счет снижения продукции GFAP (путь PKC-δ/NOX/MnSOD).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. С учетом возможности применения фенотиазинов в ряде «новых» областей представляется важным выявление морфологического субстрата влияния передозировки фенотиазинов, особенно повторной, на центральную нервную систему. Требуется также дальнейшее изучение механизмов реализации эффектов фенотиазинов для разработки эффективных терапевтических стратегий и улучшения результатов лечения пациентов не только в психиатрии, но и в ряде других дисциплин.  </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. The aim of this review is to summarize the pathological mechanisms associated with the toxicity of phenothiazines in overdose.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A database search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar and eLibrary were used to identify original research articles, clinical reports, review articles, editorials, commentaries, and brief communications. Additional sources not identified through the search of these databases were analyzed after reviewing the reference lists of the selected articles. Articles were selected based on the relevance of the title and abstract to the purpose of this review.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. This review analyzes the mechanisms of action of phenothiazines in the context of their long-term clinical use and in overdose, as well as the mechanisms of action of proposed potential areas of application of phenothiazines. Clinical manifestations of phenothiazine poisoning are predominantly characterized by antagonism of dopamine D₁–D₄ receptors, histamine H₁ receptors, α₁–α₂ α-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M₁–M₂. In addition, phenothiazines are able to increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier through apoptosis, increase global methylation, effectively enhance chemotherapy of some tumors and provide neuroprotection by reducing GFAP production (PKC-δ/NOX/MnSOD pathway).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Given the potential for new applications of phenothiazines, further study of the effects of phenothiazines on the central nervous system in overdose, with a focus on repeat overdose episodes, is important at the morphological level to identify the underlying morphological substrate. Further study of the mechanisms associated with phenothiazine use is needed to develop more effective therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcome, not only in psychiatry but also in other disciplines.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фенотиазины</kwd><kwd>хлорпромазин</kwd><kwd>передозировка</kwd><kwd>эпигенетика</kwd><kwd>нейропротекция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>phenothiazines</kwd><kwd>chlorpromazine</kwd><kwd>overdose</kwd><kwd>epigenetics</kwd><kwd>neuroprotection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">López-Muñoz F., Alamo C., Cuenca E., Shen W., Clervoy P., Rubio G. History of the discovery and clinical introduction of chlorpromazine. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2005; 17 (3): 113–135. DOI: 10.1080/10401230591002002. 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