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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2026-1-2617</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2669</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Зависимость течения гнойно-деструктивных заболеваний легких от генетического полиморфизма OLR1, кодирующего рецептор окисленных липопротеинов низкой плотности LOX-1</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Polymorphism of OLR1 Gene Encoding Oxidized LDL Receptor LOX-1 Modifies the Course of Necrotizing Pulmonary Infection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5477-4920</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фетлам</surname><given-names>Д.  Л. </given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fetlam</surname><given-names>D. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Леонидович Фетлам</p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry L. Fetlam</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6279-2849</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чумаченко</surname><given-names>А.  Г. </given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chumachenko</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Геннадьевна Чумаченко</p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia G. Chumachenko</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4675-0766</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильичёв</surname><given-names>А.  В. </given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyichev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Владимирович Ильичёв</p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Ilyichev</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5729-9846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Писарев</surname><given-names>В.  М. </given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pisarev</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Митрофанович Писарев</p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir M. Pisarev</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В. А. Неговского Федерального научно-клинического центра реаниматологии и реабилитологии Минобрнауки России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Ministry of Education and Science of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фетлам Д.Л., Чумаченко А.Г., Ильичёв А.В., Писарев В.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фетлам Д.Л., Чумаченко А.Г., Ильичёв А.В., Писарев В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fetlam D.L., Chumachenko A.G., Ilyichev A.V., Pisarev V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2669">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2669</self-uri><abstract><p>Гнойно-деструктивные заболевания легких (ГДЗЛ) развиваются зачастую как осложнения внебольничной пневмонии, в патогенезе которых участвуют клетки иммунной системы. Предотвращение развития жизнеугрожающих осложнений ГДЗЛ требует разработки высокоинформативных биомаркеров. Ранее мы показали, что количественная вариабельность клеток иммунитета может явиться прогностическим биомаркером при ГДЗЛ. Предположили, что варианты генов рецепторов, выявляемых на поверхности нейтрофилов, моноцитов, макрофагов, мигрирующих в ткани легких при инфекционном воспалении, также могут быть предикторами неблагоприятного течения ГДЗЛ. Одним из таких генов-кандидатов является ген OLR1, кодирующий рецепторы LOX-1, связывающие окисленные липопротеины низкой плотности OxLDL на поверхности иммунных клеток.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Определить вклад однонуклеотидного полиморфизма гена OLR1 в течение ГДЗЛ и количественную изменчивость клеточных показателей иммунитета у пациентов с ГДЗЛ после перенесенной внебольничной пневмонии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включили пациентов ГКБ г. Москвы (n = 216) с ГДЗЛ после перенесенной внебольничной пневмонии в возрасте 18–87 лет. Категориальные данные описывали с указанием абсолютных значений, сравнение которых проводили с помощью четырехпольных таблиц сопряженности и критерия χ² с поправкой Йетса на непрерывность выборки и точного метода Фишера (ТМФ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Наиболее частым осложнением внебольничной пневмонии являлись ГДЗЛ. У пациентов с ГДЗЛ и минорным аллелем G OLR1 rs11053646, кодирующим вариант молекулы LOX-1 167N, течение заболевания реже осложнялось свищом (p=0,0015; ТМФ; OШ=3,55, 95% ДИ: 1,55–8,13; ОР=2,37, 95% ДИ: 1,24–4,50; n = 216). Однако, в значимость данной ассоциации вносил коррекции перенесенный ранее COVID-19, документально верифицированный имеющимися сведениями в истории болезни о результатах ПЦР. Для пациентов, переболевших COVID-19, данная ассоциация сохранялась (p = 0,0058; ТМФ; OШ = 7,27, 95% ДИ: 1,54–34,3; ОР = 4,28, 95% ДИ:1,31–16,23; n = 81), тогда как в группе пациентов, не переболевших COVID-19, эта связь не была статистически значима (p = 0,1065, ТМФ, n = 135). Наличие минорного аллеля G OLR1 rs11053646 «защищало» от более тяжелого течения ГДЗЛ только пациентов, перенесших COVID-19. В ограниченной группе пациентов свищевое осложнение было ассоциировано с концентрацией OxLDL более 100 нг/мл в плазме, c маргинальной значимостью (p = 0,045; n = 19).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Наличие мажорного генотипа OLR1 rs11053646 СС являются неблагоприятным маркером течения эмпиемы плевры для пациентов, перенесших COVID-19. Наличие альтернативного аллеля G OLR1 rs11053646 в генотипе пациентов определяло благоприятное течение ГДЗЛ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Necrotizing pulmonary infections (NPI) emerge as severe complications of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and immune system cells are involved in their pathogenesis. Highly informative biomarkers are required to determine high-risk patients to prevent life-threatening complications of NPI. Previously, we have shown that variations in immune cell numbers can be employed as prognostic biomarkers in NPI. We proposed that genetic variants encoding receptors detected on the surface of neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages migrating to lung tissues during inflammation may predict the unfavorable course of NPI. One of these candidate genes could be the OLR1 gene, which encodes LOX-1 receptors that bind oxidized low-density lipoproteins oxLDL on the surface of immune and other cells.</p><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study. To find out the OLR1 gene single nucleotide polymorphism contribution to the clinical course of NPIs (pleural empyema) and variability in the number of immune cells in patients with post-CAP NPI.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included patients of the Moscow City Hospital (aged 18–87 years, n = 216) with NPIs developed after CAP. Categorical data were described by indicating absolute values, which were compared using four-field contingency tables and the χ² test with Yates' correction for sample continuity and Fisher's exact test (FET).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. NPIs were the most common complication of CAP. In patients with NPI and the minor allele G OLR1 rs11053646, which encodes the LOX-1 167N variant, the course of the disease was less likely to be complicated by a fistula (p = 0.0015; exact Fisher test (EFT); OR = 3.55, 95% CI: 1.55–8.13; RR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.24–4.50; n = 216). However, the significance of this association was influenced by previous COVID-19 documented in patient's medical history based on PCR test results. For patients who had been infected with COVID-19, this association persisted (p = 0.0058; EFT; OR = 7.27, 95% CI: 1.54–34.3; RR = 4.28, 95% CI:1.31–16.23; n = 81), whereas in patients with no PCR test confirmed COVID-19, this association was not statistically significant (p = 0.1065, EFT, n = 135). Thus, only post-COVID-10 carriers of the minor allele G OLR1 rs11053646 were protected from a severe course of NPIs complicated with fistula development. A study in a limited subgroup of patients showed a trend for a fistula development to associate with increased OxLDL plasma concentration of more than 100 ng/ml (p = 0.045; n = 19).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Post-COVID-19 сarriers of major OLR1 rs11053646 CC genotype exhibit increased risk for the unfavorable course of NPI (pleural empyema) complicated with fistula. The presence of alternative G allele of OLR1 rs11053646 in patient genotype associates with favorable course of NPIs.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гнойно-деструктивные заболевания легких</kwd><kwd>генетический полиморфизм OLR1</kwd><kwd>рецептор LOX-1</kwd><kwd>окисленные липопротеины низкой плотности OxLDL</kwd><kwd>внебольничная пневмония</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>абсцесс легкого</kwd><kwd>гангрена легкого</kwd><kwd>эмпиема плевры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>necrotizing pulmonary infections</kwd><kwd>OLR1 genetic polymorphism</kwd><kwd>LOX-1 receptor</kwd><kwd>oxidized low-density lipoproteins</kwd><kwd>OxLDL</kwd><kwd>community-acquired pneumonia</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>lung abscess</kwd><kwd>lung gangrene</kwd><kwd>pleural empyema</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Корымасов Е. А., Яблонский П. 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