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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2026-3-2682</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2682</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изменения нейронов сенсомоторной коры мозга в отдаленном периоде после экспериментальной ишемии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Post-Ischemic Long-Term Neuronal Changes in the Sensorimotor Cortex in the Experimental Setting</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-7970</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акулинин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akulinin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акулинин Виктор Александрович </p><p>644099, г. Омск, ул. Ленина, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor A. Akulinin</p><p>12 Lenin Str., 644099 Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v_akulinin@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-3337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанов Сергей Степанович </p><p>644099, г. Омск, ул. Ленина, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei S. Stepanov</p><p>12 Lenin Str., 644099 Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg_stepanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8310-896X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тагаков</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tagakov</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тагаков Кирилл Сергеевич </p><p>644099, г. Омск, ул. Ленина, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill S. Tagakov</p><p>12 Lenin Str., 644099 Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">altmailtk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5878-7403</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергеев Владислав Игоревич </p><p>644099, г. Омск, ул. Ленина, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav I. Sergeev</p><p>12 Lenin Str., 644099 Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">wwsergeevi@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4976-7539</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдеев Дмитрий Борисович </p><p>644099, г. Омск, ул. Ленина, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry B. Avdeev</p><p>12 Lenin Str., 644099 Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avdeev86@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1143-4843</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жанайдарова</surname><given-names>Г. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhanaidarova</surname><given-names>G. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жанайдарова Галина Уразовна </p><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, д. 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina U. Zhanaidarova</p><p>40 Gogolya Str.,100008 Karaganda</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhanaydarova@qmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4208-2748</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акулинин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akulinin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акулинин Дмитрий Викторович </p><p>109992, г. Москва, Стремянный пер., д. 36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Akulinin </p><p>36 Stremyanny Lane, 109992 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akulinin.121@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6362-3796</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шоронова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shoronova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шоронова Анастасия Юрьевна </p><p>644099, г. Омск, ул. Ленина, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia Yu. Shoronova</p><p>12 Lenin Str., 644099 Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nastasya1994@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3667-7905</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цускман</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsuskman</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цускман Ирина Геннадьевна </p><p>644099, г. Омск, ул. Ленина, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina G. Tsuskman </p><p>12 Lenin Str., 644099 Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ira.tsuskman@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Омский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Карагандинский медицинский университет</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Karaganda Medical University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский экономический университет им. Г. В. Плеханова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Акулинин В.А., Степанов С.С., Тагаков К.С., Сергеев В.И., Авдеев Д.Б., Жанайдарова Г.У., Акулинин Д.В., Шоронова А.Ю., Цускман И.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Акулинин В.А., Степанов С.С., Тагаков К.С., Сергеев В.И., Авдеев Д.Б., Жанайдарова Г.У., Акулинин Д.В., Шоронова А.Ю., Цускман И.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Akulinin V.A., Stepanov S.S., Tagakov K.S., Sergeev V.I., Avdeev D.B., Zhanaidarova G.U., Akulinin D.V., Shoronova A.Y., Tsuskman I.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2682">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2682</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования — выявить особенности динамики реактивных изменений нейронов в слоях III и V сенсомоторной коры (СМК) мозга крыс в отдаленные сроки (до 270 сут) после двусторонней перевязки общих сонных артерий (ПОСА).</p><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Эксперимент выполнили на 66 самцах крыс Wistar (проспективное когортное исследование с последовательным терминальным выводом): интактный контроль (n = 6) и группы с выживанием 30, 90, 150, 210 и 270 сут после ПОСА (n = 6 в каждой после коррекции на летальность). Гистологическими методами (тионином по Нисслю и гематоксилин-эозином) оценивали общую численную плотность нейронов (ОЧП), плотность четырех типов реактивно измененных клеток (гиперхромные сморщенные — ГСН; гиперхромные несморщенные — ГНН; гипохромные — ГН; клетки–тени — КТ) и нейроглиальный индекс (НГИ). Применяли методы парного и множественного сравнения, линейные смешанные модели (LMM) со случайным перехватом для животного (учет парной структуры данных), тест Джонкхира–Терпстры, тест на квадратичный тренд, корреляционный анализ и ∆-анализ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В слое III СМК выявили двухфазное снижение ОЧП (максимум — 44,6% на 30 сут, p &lt; 0,001) с волнообразной динамикой (квадратичный тренд: F = 16,4, p &lt; 0,001). ГНН достигают пика на 30 сут (+683%) с последующим снижением, тогда как ГН имеют отсроченный пик на 150 сут (+500%); для обоих параметров выявили смешанный паттерн (монотонно возрастающий тренд: Z = 1,88, p = 0,030 для ГНН; Z = 2,45, p = 0,007 для ГН; квадратичный компонент: F = 8,2 и 7,4, p &lt; 0,01). КТ демонстрируют немонотонную динамику (квадратичный тренд: F = 19,2, p &lt; 0,001) с отсроченным пиком на 210 сут. НГИ достигает максимума на 30 сут (транзиторный глиоз, +95,5%, монотонно убывающий тренд, Z = –4,92, p &lt; 0,001). В слое V СМК снижение ОЧП менее выражено (–11,6% на 150 сут, p = 0,048), но зафиксировали экстремальный рост ГСН на 30 сут (+945% от контроля, монотонно убывающий тренд, Z = –2,94, p = 0,002), монотонное истощение ГН (линейный возрастающий тренд, Z = 4,82, p &lt; 0,001) и пролонгированный нарастающий глиоз (НГИ +42% к 270 сут, смешанный паттерн: монотонно возрастающий тренд Z = 4,15, p &lt; 0,001; квадратичный компонент F = 5,1, p = 0,028). LMM подтвердили значимое взаимодействие «Слой × Время» для всех параметров (F = 24,1–71,2; p &lt; 0,001). Корреляционный анализ выявил умеренные положительные связи между слоями (для КТ: r = 0,58; r_partial = 0,52; p = 0,004; для ГСН: r = 0,52; p = 0,008; для НГИ: r = 0,44; p = 0,016). ∆-анализ показал согласованность изменений для КТ, ГСН и НГИ. Моменты экстремумов для КТ (210 сут) и ГСН (30 сут) были синхронными в обоих слоях. Временной приоритет слоя III обнаружили для НГИ (ранний пик глиоза на 30 сут против 270 сут в слое V), а также для ГНН и ГН (30–150 сут против 90 сут в слое V). Временной приоритет слоя V выявили для первого пика КТ (90 сут против 210 сут в слое III).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Хроническая ишемия индуцирует различные сценарии повреждения: слой III характеризуется двухфазным снижением ОЧП, разновременными пиками ГНН (30 сут) и ГН (150 сут), отсроченным пиком КТ (210 сут) и транзиторным глиозом (модель повреждения с отсроченной дегенерацией); слой V — экстремальным ранним ростом ГСН (30 сут), ранним пиком КТ (90 сут) и пролонгированным глиозом (модель прогрессирующей дегенерации). Корреляционный и ∆-анализ указывают на умеренную синхронность процессов дегенерации; убедительных доказательств каскадного распространения повреждения от поверхностных слоев к глубоким не получили.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to identify the characteristics of dynamic reactive neuronal changes in sensorimotor cortex (SMC) layers III and V of the rat brain in the remote period (up to 270 days) following bilateral common carotid arteries ligation (CCAL).</p><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The experiment was conducted on 66 male Wistar rats (a prospective cohort study with sequential terminal outcomes): intact control (n = 6) and groups with survival at 30, 90, 150, 210, and 270 days post-bilateral CCAL (n = 6 in each group after adjusting for mortality). Histological methods (Nissl and hematoxylin-eosin staining) were used to assess the total neuronal numerical density (NND), the density of four types of reactive altered cells (hyperchromatic shriveled cells — HCSC; hyperchromatic non-shriveled cells — HCNSC; hypochromatic cells — HCC; shadow cells — SC) and the neuroglial index (NGI). Paired and multiple comparison methods, linear mixed models (LMM) with random intercept for the animal (to account for the paired data structure), Jonckheere–Terpstra test, quadratic trend test, correlation analysis, and ∆-analysis were applied.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A biphasic reduction in NND was observed in layer III of the SMC (maximum of -44.6% at 30 days, p &lt; 0.001) with a wave-like dynamics (quadratic trend: F = 16.4, p &lt; 0.001). HCNSC peak at 30 days (+683%) followed by a decrease, while HCC showed a delayed peak at 150 days (+500%); both parameters showed a mixed pattern (steadily increasing trend: Z = 1.88, p=0.030 for HCNSC; Z = 2.45, p = 0.007 for HCC; quadratic component: F = 8.2 and 7.4, p &lt; 0.01). SCs demonstrated non-monotonous dynamics (quadratic trend: F = 19.2, p &lt; 0.001) with a delayed peak at 210 days. NGI peaked at 30 days (transient gliosis, +95.5%, steadily decreasing trend, Z = –4.92, p &lt; 0.001). The decrease in NND was less pronounced in layer V of the SMC, (–11.6% at 150 days, p = 0.048), but there was an extreme increase in HCSC at 30 days (+945% from control, with a continuously decreasing trend, Z = –2.94, p = 0.002), a monotonous depletion of HCC (linear increasing trend, Z = 4.82, p &lt; 0.001), and a prolonged building up gliosis (NGI +42% by 270 days, mixed pattern: steadily increasing trend Z = 4.15, p &lt; 0.001; quadratic component F = 5.1, p = 0.028). LMM confirmed a significant «Layer × Time» interaction for all parameters (F = 24.1–71.2; p &lt; 0.001). A correlational analysis revealed moderate positive correlations between the layers (for SCs: r = 0.58; r_partial = 0.52; p = 0.004; for HCSC: r = 0.52; p = 0.008; for NGI: r = 0.44; p = 0.016). The ∆-analysis showed consistency in changes for SC, HCSC, and NGI. The extremum moments for SC (210 days) and HCSC (30 days) were synchronous in both layers. Temporal precedence of layer III was found for NGI (early peak of gliosis at 30 days compared to 270 days in layer V), as well as for HCSC and HCC (30–150 days compared to 90 days in layer V). Temporal precedence of layer V was identified for the first peak of SC (90 days compared to 210 days in layer III).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Chronic ischemia induces various damage scenarios: layer III is characterized by a biphasic reduction in NND, asynchronous peaks of HCSC (30 days) and HCC (150 days), a delayed SC peak (210 days), and transient gliosis (a model of damage with delayed degeneration); layer V exhibits an extreme early increase in HCSC (30 days), early peak of SC (90 days), and prolonged gliosis (a model of progressive degeneration). Correlation and ∆-analysis indicate moderate synchrony in the degeneration processes; no convincing evidence of cascading damage propagation from superficial layers to deeper ones was obtained.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая церебральная ишемия</kwd><kwd>сенсомоторная кора</kwd><kwd>корковые слои</kwd><kwd>гиперхромные нейроны</kwd><kwd>клетки–тени</kwd><kwd>нейроглиальный индекс</kwd><kwd>белые крысы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic cerebral ischemia</kwd><kwd>sensorimotor cortex</kwd><kwd>cortical layers</kwd><kwd>hyperchromatic neurons</kwd><kwd>shadow cells</kwd><kwd>neuroglial index</kwd><kwd>white rats</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iadecola C. The pathobiology of vascular dementia. Neuron. 2013; 80 (4): 844–866. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.008. 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