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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2026-5-2705</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2705</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальное моделирование кровопотери и геморрагического шока: былые достижения, современные рекомендации и задачи на будущее (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental Modeling of Blood Loss and Hemorrhagic Shock: Past Achievements, Current Recommendations, and Future Challenges (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0631-5666</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжков</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhkov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Александрович Рыжков, AuthorID (РИНЦ): 781730</p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Ryzhkov, AuthorID (РИНЦ): 781730</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">riamed21@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6350-6445</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубенский</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubensky</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Юрьевич Дубенский</p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey Yu. Dubensky</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dubkoal@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0514-2177</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черпаков</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherpakov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ростислав Александрович Черпаков</p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rostislav A. Cherpakov</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rcherpakov@fnkcrr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6705-9849</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рева</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reva</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Александрович Рева</p><p>194044, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor A. Reva</p><p>6 Academician Lebedev Str., B, 194044 St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vreva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8880-7364</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мороз</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moroz</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Васильевич Мороз, AuthorID (РИНЦ): 168246</p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor V. Moroz, AuthorID (РИНЦ): 168246</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vmoroz@fnkcrr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-4912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгих</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgikh</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Терентьевич Долгих, AuthorID (РИНЦ): 540900</p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir T. Dolgikh, AuthorID (РИНЦ): 540900</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prof_dolgih@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В. А. Неговского Федерального научно-клинического центра реаниматологии и реабилитологии Минобрнауки России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Ministry of Education and Science of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Военно-медицинская академия им. С. М. Кирова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Принято в печать</issue-title><elocation-id>2705</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рыжков И.А., Дубенский А.Ю., Черпаков Р.А., Рева В.А., Мороз В.В., Долгих В.Т., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рыжков И.А., Дубенский А.Ю., Черпаков Р.А., Рева В.А., Мороз В.В., Долгих В.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ryzhkov I.A., Dubensky A.Y., Cherpakov R.A., Reva V.A., Moroz V.V., Dolgikh V.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2705">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2705</self-uri><abstract><p>Острая массивная кровопотеря и геморрагический шок при тяжелой травме остаются ведущими причинами предотвратимой летальности. Несмотря на большую практическую значимость клинических исследований, экспериментальное моделирование на лабораторных животных пока остается незаменимым инструментом для фундаментальных исследований патофизиологии травмы и геморрагического шока, а также для первичной оценки эффективности и безопасности терапевтических вмешательств.</p><p>Цель обзора — систематизация современных подходов к экспериментальному моделированию кровопотери, травмы и геморрагического шока, а также выделение ключевых факторов, определяющих трансляционный потенциал доклинических исследований.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Провели анализ отечественных и зарубежных публикаций, размещенных в базах данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar и eLIBRARY, посвященных экспериментальным моделям геморрагического шока, включая классические и современные подходы к их воспроизведению, выбору лабораторных животных, а также биоэтическим аспектам проведения исследований. По результатам поиска рассмотрели 1819 источников, из которых 106 включили в обзор.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выделили основные типы экспериментальных моделей геморрагического шока: с контролем по объему, по величине артериального давления и модели неконтролируемой кровопотери. Показали, что выбор модели определяется задачами исследования и требует баланса между стандартизацией, воспроизводимостью и клинической релевантностью. Провели сравнительный анализ различных видов лабораторных животных, демонстрирующий различия их физиологии, иммунных и коагуляционных реакций, влияющих на интерпретацию результатов. Рассмотрели ключевые биоэтические принципы 3R, требования к анестезиологическому обеспечению, мониторингу и выбору конечных точек исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Определили, что трансляционный потенциал экспериментальных моделей определяется соответствием протокола целям исследования, корректным выбором лабораторного вида, стандартизацией процедуры кровопотери, учетом биоэтических требований и использованием клинически релевантных конечных точек. Перспективными направлениями дальнейших исследований являются повышение внешней валидности моделей, многоцентровая доклиническая валидация протоколов и внедрение цифровых инструментов анализа экспериментальных данных.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Acute massive blood loss and hemorrhagic shock in severe trauma remain the leading causes of preventable mortality. Despite the impactfull significance of clinical studies, experimental modeling in laboratory animals remains an indispensable for fundamental studies on the pathophysiology of trauma and hemorrhagic shock, as well as for the initial assessment of the efficacy and safety of therapeutic interventions.</p><p>The purpose of this review is to systematize current approaches to the experimental modeling of blood loss, trauma, and hemorrhagic shock, as well as to identify the key factors that determine the translational potential of preclinical studies.</p><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. We conducted an analysis of domestic and international publications available in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and eLIBRARY databases, focusing on experimental models of hemorrhagic shock, including classical and modern approaches to their reproduction, the selection of laboratory animals, and the bioethical aspects of conducting research. Based on the search results, we reviewed 1,819 sources, of which 106 were include</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. We identified the main types of experimental models of hemorrhagic shock: volume-controlled, blood pressure-controlled, and uncontrolled blood loss models. We demonstrated that the choice of model is determined by the research objectives and requires a balance between standardization, reproducibility, and clinical relevance. A comparative analysis of various types of laboratory animals was conducted to demonstrate differences in their physiology, immune responses, and coagulation reactions affecting the interpretation of results. Key bioethical 3R principles, requirements for anesthesiological care, monitoring, and the selection of study endpoints were discussed in the review.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The translational potential of experimental models is determined by the alignment of the protocol with the study objectives, the appropriate selection of the laboratory model, the standardization of the blood loss procedure, compliance with bioethical requirements, and the use of clinically relevant endpoints. Promising areas for further research include improving the external validity of the models, multicenter preclinical validation of protocols, and the implementation of digital tools for analyzing experimental data.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кровопотеря</kwd><kwd>травма</kwd><kwd>геморрагический шок</kwd><kwd>лабораторные животные</kwd><kwd>экспериментальная модель</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>blood loss</kwd><kwd>trauma</kwd><kwd>hemorrhagic shock</kwd><kwd>laboratory animals</kwd><kwd>experimental model</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rossiter N.D. Trauma–the forgotten pandemic? Intl Orthop (SICOT). 2021; 46 (1): 3–11. DOI: 10.1007/s00264-021-05213-z. PMID: 34519840.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rossiter N.D. Trauma–the forgotten pandemic? Intl Orthop (SICOT). 2021; 46 (1): 3–11. 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