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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2026-2-2644</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2707</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Положительные эффекты ингаляции криптона после черепно-мозговой травмы у крыс</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Beneficial Effects of Krypton Inhalation Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-7886</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>В.  В. </given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктория Витальевна Антонова</p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktoriya V. Antonova</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">victoryant.sci@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2902-9962</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куйдин</surname><given-names>Д.  В. </given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuidin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Владимирович Куйдин </p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Kuidin</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0422-5018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боева</surname><given-names>Е.  А. </given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boeva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Александровна Боева </p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Boeva</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0514-2177</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черпаков</surname><given-names>Р.  А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherpakov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ростислав Александрович Черпаков </p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rostislav A. Cherpakov</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1735-592X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любомудров</surname><given-names>М.  А. </given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyubomudrov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Алексеевич Любомудров </p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim A. Lyubomudrov</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2441-6062</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цоколаева</surname><given-names>З.  И. </given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsokolaeva</surname><given-names>Z. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зоя Ивановна Цоколаева </p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zoya I. Tsokolaeva</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7017-7897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калабушев</surname><given-names>С.  Н. </given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalabushev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Николаевич Калабушев </p><p>107031, г. Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Kalabushev</p><p>25 Petrovka Str., Bldg. 2, 107031 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научно-клинический центр реаниматологии и реабилитологии Минобрнауки России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Ministry of Education and Science of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Антонова В.В., Куйдин Д.В., Боева Е.А., Черпаков Р.А., Любомудров М.А., Цоколаева З.И., Калабушев С.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Антонова В.В., Куйдин Д.В., Боева Е.А., Черпаков Р.А., Любомудров М.А., Цоколаева З.И., Калабушев С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Antonova V.V., Kuidin D.V., Boeva E.A., Cherpakov R.A., Lyubomudrov M.A., Tsokolaeva Z.I., Kalabushev S.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2707">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2707</self-uri><abstract><p>Черепно-мозговая травма (ЧМТ) остается одной из ведущих причин инвалидизации, а существующие подходы к нейропротекции обладают ограниченной эффективностью. Инертный газ криптон рассматривается как перспективный нейропротектор, однако данные о его действии при ЧМТ и на компоненты нейроваскулярной единицы (НВЕ) ограничены.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить нейропротективный потенциал криптона при ЧМТ у крыс in vivo и при кислородно-глюкозной депривации (КГД) культур клеток НВЕ in vitro.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В эксперимент включили 48 крысы линии Wistar, распределенные в 3 группы: ЛО (ложная операция), ЧМТ (N₂/O₂ 70/30 %), ЧМТ + iKr (Kr/O₂ 70/30 %). Применяли модель дозированного контузионного повреждения открытого мозга. На 14-е сутки оценивали неврологический дефицит (тест постановки конечности на опору), объем повреждения головного мозга (Т2-взвешенные МР-срезы), морфологические изменения (окраска гематоксилин-эозин) и экспрессию GFAP и Caspase-3 (флюоресцентная иммуногистохимия, ИГХ). мРНК IL-1β, IL-6 и TNF-α в зоне повреждения определяли методом ПЦР. In vitro исследовали влияние прекондиционирования криптоном (Kr/O₂ 79/21 %, 24 ч) на выживаемость клеток нейронального происхождения (SH-SY5Y), глиального происхождения (C6) и эндотелия сосудов (Ea.Hy926) при КГД (4–6 ч).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При моделировании ЧМТ развивался выраженный неврологический дефицит 2,5 (2; 5,25) балла, сопровождающийся большим объемом повреждения мозга 33 (28; 39) мм³. Ингаляция криптона приводила к уменьшению очага повреждения до 18 (15; 26) мм³ и ускоряла восстановление сенсомоторных функций: с 7-х суток показатели в группе ЧМТ + iKr были статистически значимо лучше, чем в группе ЧМТ, и к 14-м суткам приближались к значениям показателей группы ЛО. В группе ЧМТ + iKr содержание IL-1β и TNF-α в поврежденном полушарии уменьшалось примерно на 50 % относительно группы ЧМТ, оставаясь выше, чем в группе ЛО, а изменения IL-6 были незначимы. Гистологически в группе ЧМТ + iKr обнаружили менее выраженные отек вещества мозга, спонгиоз и нейрональную дегенерацию. При ИГХ анализе выявили тенденцию к более выраженному реактивному глиозу (GFAP) без различий по Caspase-3. In vitro прекондиционирование криптоном в условиях КГД не улучшало выживаемость нейрональных, глиальных и эндотелиальных клеток.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Криптон оказывал выраженное нейропротективное действие при экспериментальной ЧМТ у крыс, уменьшая неврологический дефицит, объем структурного повреждения и выраженность воспалительного ответа. Отсутствие защитного эффекта в клеточных моделях НВЕ подчеркивает существенную роль системных и межклеточных взаимодействий в реализации нейропротекции криптона и необходимость дальнейших исследований механизмов его действия и оптимальных режимов применения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the leading causes of disability, and current approaches to neuroprotection have limited efficacy. The inert gas krypton is considered a promising neuroprotective agent; however, data on its effects in TBI and on components of the neurovascular unit (NVU) are limited.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To evaluate the neuroprotective potential of krypton in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in vivo and in NVU cell cultures subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The study included 48 Wistar rats divided into 3 groups: SO (sham operated), TBI (N₂/O₂ 70/30 %), and TBI + iKr (Kr/O₂ 70/30 %). A model of controlled open brain contusion injury was used. On day 14, we assessed neurological deficits (limb placing test, LPT), the extent of brain injury (T2-weighted MRI slices), morphological changes (hematoxylin-eosin staining), and the expression of GFAP and Caspase-3 (fluorescent immunohistochemistry, IHC). IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA levels in the injury zone were determined by PCR. In vitro studies investigated the effect of krypton preconditioning (Kr/O₂ 79/21 %, 24 h) on the survival of neuronal (SH-SY5Y), glial (C6), and vascular endothelial (Ea.Hy926) cells during OGD (4–6 h).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A significant neurological deficit of 2.5 (2; 5.25) scores was determined by the TBI modeling accompanied by a large volume of brain damage of 33 (28; 39) mm³. Krypton inhalation led to a reduction in the lesion volume to 18 (15; 26) mm³ and accelerated the recovery of sensorimotor functions: starting on day 7, the indicators in the TBI + iKr group were statistically significantly better than in the TBI group, and by day 14, they approached the values of the SO (control) group. In the TBI + iKr group, IL-1β and TNF-α levels in the affected hemisphere were nearly 50% lower than in the TBI group, while remaining higher than in the SO group; changes in IL-6 levels were insignificant. Histologically, less significant cerebral edema, spongiosis, and neuronal degeneration were observed in the TBI + iKr group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a trend toward more pronounced reactive gliosis (GFAP) with no differences in Caspase-3. In vitro, krypton preconditioning under OGD conditions did not improve the survival of neuronal, glial, and endothelial cells.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Krypton exerted significant neuroprotective effect in experimental TBI in rats, reducing neurological deficits, the extent of structural damage, and the severity of the inflammatory response. The absence of a protective effect in NVU cellular models underscores the essential role of systemic and intercellular interactions in the neuroprotective action of krypton and warrants further research into its mechanisms of action and dosing optimization.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>криптон</kwd><kwd>черепно-мозговая травма</kwd><kwd>нейропротекция in vitro</kwd><kwd>кислородно-глюкозная депривация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>krypton</kwd><kwd>traumatic brain injury</kwd><kwd>in vitro neuroprotection</kwd><kwd>oxygen-glucose deprivation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guan B., Anderson D., Chen L., Feng S., Zhou H. 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