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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общая реаниматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Reanimatology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-9779</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-7110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBI "SRIGR" RAMS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15360/1813-9779-2026-2-2660</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmt-2713</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭТИЧЕСКИЕ ВОПРОСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пассивная эвтаназия и прекращение терапии, поддерживающей жизнь, в социокультурных дискурсах западных стран и России: историко-философский анализ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Passive Euthanasia and the Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Therapy in the Sociocultural Discourses of Western Countries and Russia: a Historical and Philosophical Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5390-9205</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарабрин</surname><given-names>Р. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarabrin</surname><given-names>R. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тарабрин Роман Евгеньевич </p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman E. Tarabrin</p><p>8 Trubetskaya Str., Bldg. 2, 119991 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Tarabrin_r_e@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тарабрин Р.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тарабрин Р.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tarabrin R.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2713">https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2713</self-uri><abstract><p>Пассивная эвтаназия и прекращение терапии, поддерживающей жизнь (ТПЖ), в современной российской практике оказываются нормативно неразличимыми, что порождает этические, юридические и клинико-практические коллизии для врачей отделений интенсивной терапии и усиливает моральный дистресс медицинского персонала.</p><p>Цель исследования прояснить различия между активной, пассивной эвтаназией и прекращением бесперспективной ТПЖ, а также показать, почему в российском законодательстве и профессиональных дискурсах эти различия не учитываются.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включили зарубежные и российские биоэтические, правовые тексты. Провели качественный анализ историографии, дополненный структурно-тематическим анализом философских дилемм, связанных с концом жизни..</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В ходе анализа выделили три ключевые линии разграничения: 1) между активным убийством и допущением смерти через отказ от вмешательства; 2) между пассивной эвтаназией и этическим прекращением ТПЖ; 3) между намерением врача ускорить смерть и намерением устранить медицинское препятствие естественному процессу умирания при готовности продолжать помощь, если пациент выживает. Показали, что российская правовая норма, фактически криминализирующая любые формы прекращения ТПЖ, сформировалась на фоне недостаточной рефлексии этих различий и приводит к расхождению между нормативным языком и реальной клинической практикой, где врачи вынуждены документально оформлять проведение лечения, однако на практике его опускать или изменять.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Интеграция в российский контекст более тонких критериев оценки намерения, причинности и бесполезности лечения, разработанных в западной биоэтике, в сочетании с учетом локальных социокультурных контекстов и религиозных традиций, является необходимым условием для формирования последовательной модели регулирования конца жизни, снижающей моральный дистресс врачей и повышающей доверие пациентов к медицинским решениям.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Passive euthanasia and the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (LST) in modern Russian practice are normatively indistinguishable, leading to ethical, legal, and clinical-practical conflicts for intensive care physicians and increasing the moral distress among healthcare staff.</p><p>The purpose of this research is to clarify the distinctions between active and passive euthanasia and the cessation of futile life-sustaining treatment, as well as to demonstrate why these distinctions are not taken into account in Russian legislation and professional discourse.</p><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The study included foreign and Russian bioethical and legal texts. A qualitative analysis of the historiography was conducted, supplemented by a structural-thematic analysis of the philosophical dilemmas associated with the end of life.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The analysis identified three key lines of demarcation: 1) between active killing and allowing death through the refusal of intervention; 2) between passive euthanasia and the ethical cessation of LST; 3) between the physician's intention to hasten death and the intention to remove medical obstacles to the natural process of dying while being willing to continue assistance if the patient survives. It was shown that the Russian legal norm, which effectively criminalizes any forms of cessation of medical treatment, has developed against the backdrop of insufficient reflection on these distinctions and leads to a discrepancy between normative language and actual clinical practice, where doctors are forced to document treatment provision but often omit or alter it in practice.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The integration into the Russian context of more nuanced criteria for assessing intention, causality, and futility of treatment, developed in Western bioethics, combined with consideration of local sociocultural contexts and religious traditions, is a necessary condition for developing a coherent end-of-life regulation model that reduces moral distress for physicians and enhances patient trust in medical decisions.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пассивная эвтаназия</kwd><kwd>активная эвтаназия</kwd><kwd>бесперспективность лечения</kwd><kwd>биоэтика</kwd><kwd>история медицины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>passive euthanasia</kwd><kwd>active euthanasia</kwd><kwd>futility of treatment</kwd><kwd>bioethics</kwd><kwd>history of medicine</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статью подготовили в рамках работы по гранту РНФ «Российский дискурс биоэтики в социокультурной трансформации общества» (25-28-02272).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared as part of the work on the RSF grant «Russian Discourse on Bioethics in the Sociocultural Transformation of Society» (25-28-02272).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orgambídez A., Borrego Y., Alcalde F. 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