Роль протеолитических систем стромы в опухолевой прогрессии (обзор)

Онкологические заболевания являются жизнеугрожающей патологией, занимающей второе место среди причин заболеваемости и смертности после сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Выяснение механизмов процесса канцерогенеза позволяет расширить арсенал средств для предупреждения развития критических состояний при этой патологии.
В настоящее время протеолитические системы опухолевого микроокружения (ОМ) рассматриваются в качестве ключевых регуляторов процессов опухолевой прогрессии, обеспечивающих опухолевый рост, инвазию и метастазирование.
В обзоре рассмотрены структура и роль ОМ в прогрессии опухоли. Приводятся современные данные о роли протеолитических систем во взаимодействии клеток стромы с клетками опухоли при различных типах рака человека.
Наиболее изученными протеолитическими системами, вовлеченными в опухолевую прогрессию, являются система матриксных металлопротеиназ (ММП), системы активатора плазминогена урокиназного типа (uPA-система), а также различные катепсины, гранзимы и эластаза. Ингибирование внеклеточного протеолиза при развитии онкологического процесса рассматривается в качестве действенного подхода в терапии рака.

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