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Этиотропная терапия COVID-19: критический анализ и перспективы

https://doi.org/10.15360/1813-9779-2020-4-0-1

Аннотация

Эпидемия COVID-19, начавшаяся в декабре 2019 года в Китае, за несколько месяцев распространилась на все страны мира, приняв характер пандемии, число заболевших исчисляется миллионами. Механизмы патогенеза новой коронавирусной инфекции, вызванной неизвестным ранее вирусом SARS-CoV2, остаются недостаточно изученными. Для лечения COVID-19 применяют препараты разных групп, по мере появления опыта рекомендации регулярно пересматриваются. В условиях текущей пандемии важно предоставить специалистам актуальную информацию об эффективности и безопасности лечебных препаратов, применяемых для лечения пациентов с COVID-19, и о перспективных исследованиях в этой области.

 

Цель обзора — критический анализ опубликованных результатов лечения COVID-19 с использованием различных групп препаратов для выбора наиболее перспективных лекарственных средств.

Поиск источников провели по базам данных PubMed, Scopus, Cyberleninka, Clinical Trials, Cochrane Library и др., рассматривали преимущественно рандомизированные клинические исследования 2020 года, а также работы по изучению препаратов-претендентов. Материал статьи структурирован по механизму действия препаратов, содержит разделы противовирусной, иммуномодулирующей, антибактериальной терапии. В поиске новой перспективной мишени в лечении COVID-19 концентрировали внимание на матриксных металлопротеиназах (ММР), избыток которых ведет к разрушению внеклеточного матрикса, базальных мембран эпителия и эндотелия, способствует вторичному повреждению легочной ткани. В работе теоретически обосновали применение ингибиторов MMP на примере доксициклина, предложили протокол исследования для оценки эффективности нового подхода к лечению COVID-19.

Заключение. Лекарственных средств с доказанной эффективностью в отношении COVID 19 в настоящее время нет. Препараты с разными механизмами действия применяются не по показаниям, часто в комбинациях, в этих условиях трудно избежать суммирования побочных эффектов с неблагоприятными последствиями для пациента. Применение препаратов с недоказанной эффективностью оправдано лишь в рамках клинических исследований с последующим анализом и публикацией результатов, чтобы в случае успеха с уверенностью рекомендовать их большинству пациентов с COVID-19. Ключевые слова: COVID-19; противомалярийные средства; ингибиторы вирусных протеаз; противопаразитарные препараты; ингибиторы интерлейкинов; ингибиторы янус-киназ; интерфероны; плазма реконвалесцентов; кортикостероиды; прокальцитонин; антибиотики; новая мишень; матриксные металлопротеиназы, доксициклин.

Об авторах

Н. В. Белобородова
НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В.А. Неговского ФНКЦ РР
Россия

Наталья Владимировна Белобородова

107031, Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2



Е. В. Зуев
НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В.А. Неговского ФНКЦ РР; Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н.И. Пирогов
Россия

107031, Москва, ул. Петровка, д. 25, стр. 2; Москва 105203, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 70



М. Н. Замятин
Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н.И. Пирогов
Россия

Москва 105203, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 70



В. Г. Гусаров
Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н.И. Пирогов
Россия

Москва 105203, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 70



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Рецензия

Для цитирования:


Белобородова Н.В., Зуев Е.В., Замятин М.Н., Гусаров В.Г. Этиотропная терапия COVID-19: критический анализ и перспективы. Общая реаниматология. 2020;16(6):65-90. https://doi.org/10.15360/1813-9779-2020-4-0-1

For citation:


Beloborodova N.V., Zuev E.V., Zamyatin M.N., Gusarov V.G. Causal Therapy of COVID-19: Critical Review and Prospects. General Reanimatology. 2020;16(6):65-90. https://doi.org/10.15360/1813-9779-2020-4-0-1

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