Пожилые люди и дети — не единственные жертвы обструкции дыхательных путей инородными предметами в Италии (Национальное исследование на основе анализа СМИ)

Асфиксия (удушье) является серьезной проблемой общественного здравоохранения. Данные медицинской литературы по этой проблеме скудны, а сообщения о смертельных исходах резко занижены.

Цель публикации — оценить реальную частоту асфиксии и повысить осведомленность о ней.

Материалы и методы. Собрали все случаи смерти от асфиксии, о которых итальянские СМИ сообщали в течение двух лет. Критерием исключения было подозрение на синдром внезапной детской смерти.

Результаты. Выявили 76 смертей вследствие обструкции дыхательных путей инородным телом — 51% в 2018 году и 49% в 2019 году ото всех случаев асфиксии, без каких-либо определенных временных предпочтений по накоплению случаев в течение года. Асфиксию наблюдали среди лиц всех возрастов, включая детей дошкольного возраста (25%), детей от 6 до 18 лет (3%), взрослых (38%) и пожилых пациентов (34%). В присутствии свидетелей произошел 61 случай (80%), при этом почти в половине смертельных случаев (26, что составило 42%) смерть наступила до или без проведения мероприятий по оказанию первой помощи.

Заключение. На территории Италии в течение двух лет ежемесячно происходило по три случая смертельной асфиксии вследствие обструкции дыхательных путей посторонними предметами, много случаев обнаружено в когорте пациентов зрелого возраста (38%). Такие данные СМИ свидетельствуют о том, что население Италии не обучено оказывать первую помощь, необходимую в таких случаях.

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