Reference Polymer Nutrient Media: Comparative Characteristics and Possibilities of Differential Use

Trophic homeostasis together with oxygen provision is known to form the basis for the body’s vital activity and a prerequisite to the elimination of many abnormalities [1]. Support of trophic homeostasis along with its intrinsic factor is determined not only by the capabilities and reality of providing an organism with essential nutrients, but also by the relevant conditions for their effective assimilation, particularly in the presence of a severely progressive pathological process [1, 2]. The last decades of the 20th century were marked by the rapid development of clinical nutrition science, giving rise to the whole industry of manufacturing various formulas for both the parenteral and enteral feedings of patients (the injured). Due to the fact that there is a great variety of feeding formulas (FFs), we have now a right to tell not only about the adequate substrate provision of patients in all directions, but also about the fact that we can perform differential nutritive metabolic therapy for an existing pathological condition. At present we have a good chance of implementing the qualitative nutritive support (NS) for any category of patients. At the same time, it should be noted that recently physicians of different specialties in our country are much better aware of the importance and necessity of timely using active NS in seriously ill patients (victims) [1—3]. This paper presents the comparative characteristics of the most popular and Russia’s registered balanced polymer FFs. All information on the properties of the products has been taken from either their original package, or the advertising matters distributed by this or that manufacturer. The key properties of FFs, such as chemical composition, osmolarity, formulations, and package, have been compared.

hypermetabolism; feeding formulas; composition; osmolarity; choice

1. Костюченко А. Л., Костин Э. Д., Курыгин А. А. Энтеральное искусственное питание в интенсивной медицине. СПб.: Спец. литература; 1996.

2. Луфт В. М., Костюченко А. Л. Клиническое питание в интенсивной медицине. Практическое руководство.СПб.: РСЗ АсПЭП; 2002.

3. Lubos Sobotka, Simon P. Allison, Peter Furst et al. Basics in clinical nutrition. Third Edition. Prague: Galen; 2004.

4. Рекомендации по парентеральному и энтеральному питанию для взрослых. Австрийское общество клинического питания. Вена: AKE; 2003.

5. Мартинчик А. Н., Маев И. В., Петухов А. Б. Питание человека (основы нутрициологии). М.: ГОУ ВУНМЦ МЗ РФ; 2002.

6. Azadbakht L., Shakerhosseini R., Atabak S. et al. Beneficiary effect of dietary soy protein on lowering plasma levels of lipid and improving kidney function in type II diabetes with nephropathy. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2003; 7 (10): 1292—1294.

7. Emoto M., Kanda H., Shoji T., Kawagishi T. et al. Impact of insulin resistance and nephropathy on homocysteine in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2001; 24 (3): 533—538.

8. Teixeira S. R., Tappenden K. A., Carson L. et al. Isolated soy protein consumption reduces urinary albumin excretion and improves the serum lipid profile in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nephropathy. J. Nutr. 2004; 134 (8): 1874—1880.

9. Rutherfurd S. M., Moughan P. J. The digestible amino acid composition of several milk proteins: application of a new bioassay. J. Dairy Sci 1998: 909—917.

10. Guenter P., Settle R., Perlmutter S. et al. Tube feeding-related diarrhea in acutely Ill patients. Graduate Hospital, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia. JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral. Nutr. 1991; 15 (3): 277—280.

11. Boirie Y., Dangin M., Gachon P. et al. Slow and fast dietary proteins differently modulate postprandial protein accretion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1997; 23 (10); 94 (26): 14930—14935.

12. Попова Т. С., Шестопалов А. Е., Тамазашвилли Т. Ш., Лейдерман И. Н. Нутритивная поддержка больных в критических состояниях. М.: М-Вести; 2002.

13. Чарльз В., Ван Вэй, Кэрол Айертон-Джонс. Секреты питания. М.: Бином; 2006.

14. Galvez J., Rodriguez-Cabezas M. E., Zarzuelo A. Effects of dietary fiber on inflammatory bowel disease. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2005; 49 (6): 601—608.

15. Miller S. J. Cellular and physiological effects of short-chain fatty acids. Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 2004; 4 (8): 839—845.

16. Hennig B., Lei W., Arzuaga X. et al. Linoleic acid induces proinflammatory events in vascular endothelial cells via activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2006; 3.

17. Zhao G., Etherton T. D., Martin K. R. et al. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid reduces inflammatory and lipid cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolemic men and women. J. Nutr. 2004; 134 (11): 2991—2997.

18. Pfeiffer A., Schmidt T., Kaess H. The role of osmolality in the absorption of a nutrient solution. Department of gastroenterology and hepatology, stadtisches krankenhaus Munchen-Bogenhausen, akademisches lehrkrankenhaus, munich, Germany. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1998; 12 (3): 281—286.

19. Keohane P. P., Attrill H., Love M. et al. Relation between osmolality of diet and gastrointestinal side effects in enteral nutrition. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.). 1984; 3; 288 (6418): 678—680.

20. Pesola G. R., Hogg J. E., Eissa N. et al. Hypertonic nasogastric tube feedings: do they cause diarrhea? Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021. Crit. Care Med. 1990; 18 (12): 1378—1382.